Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2008
Sammendrag
Twenty-one species of green algae isolated from marine, freshwater and terrestrial environments were screened for the ability to produce H2 under anaerobic conditions. Seven strains found positive for H2 production under anaerobic conditions were also screened for the ability to produce H2 under sulfur (S) deprivation. In addition to the traditional model species Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, C. noctigama (freshwater) and C. euryale (brackish water) were able to produce significant amounts of H2 under S-deprivation. These species were also able to utilize acetate as a substrate for growth in light. The S-deprivation experiments were performed under photoheterotrophic conditions in a purpose-specific designed bioreactor, and it was shown that an automated pH adjustment feature was essential to maintain a stable pH in the cultures. Several materials commonly used in bioreactors, such as rubber materials, plastics and steel alloys, had a negative effect on the survival of S-deprived algae cultures. Unexpectedly, traces of H2 were produced under S-deprivation during O2 saturation in the cultures, possibly derived from local anaerobic environments formed in algal biofilms on the membranes covering the O2 electrodes.
Forfattere
Richard Meadow Lars Olav Brandsæter svein magne birkenes Arne Hermansen A. Ascard K. Bysveen Arild Andersen Therese With Berge Dag-Ragnar Blystad Bonsak Hammeraas Ricardo Holgado T. Munthe R. Skuterud Arild SlettenSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
Det finnes mange soppmidler (fungicider), men bare noen av dem er tillatt brukt i grøntanlegg. Endringer kan skje fra år til år. Plantevernmidler blir som regel godkjent for en 5-års periode før de revurderes av Mattilsynet. Oversikt over hvilke plantevernmidler som er tillatt brukt i norske grøntanlegg finnes i Plantevernguiden. Nyttige opplysninger er også tilgjengelige i Plantevernleksikonet og i preparatlister fra Mattilsynet. Se link til disse kildene i teksten under.
Forfattere
Kåre Arnstein Lye Halvor B. GjærumSammendrag
The authors report the first record for Puccinia adoxae from Norway in about 150 years. This rust fungus parasitizes the leaves of moschatel Adoxa moschatellina, and is known from a small patch of ash forest between cultivated fields and a stony sea-shore in southeast Norway (Moss) at an altitude of 3-4 m. The fungus is eatenby snails, but is more severely threatened by eutrophication from manure deposited from the nearby cultivated fields. The increased level of nitrogene in the ash forest has resulted in encroachment of nitrophilic species like Stinging Nettle Urtica dioica, Mugwort Artemisia vulgaris and Couch-grass Elytrigia repens.
Sammendrag
In 2006, a rust was found on a 20-year-old ornamental perennial Telekia speciosa in Ås, Akershus county, Norway. Diseased plants exhibited chlorotic spots on the upper leaf surface and uredinia and telia on the lower side of the leaf. This is the first report of C. telekiae in Norway
Forfattere
Agnar KvalbeinSammendrag
Rapporten oppsummerer inntrykk fra banen etter befaring, og peker på mulige sammenhenger mellom vekstmedium og soppskader på greenene. Problemområder på banen gjennomgås, og det pekes på mulige løsninger med tanke på investering og skjøtsel.
Forfattere
Berit Nordskog David M. Gadoury May Bente Brurberg Tor Håkon Sivertsen Roy Kennedy Arne HermansenSammendrag
Downy mildews represent some of the most important plant diseases in the production of several field vegetable crops in Norway. Disease outbreaks are difficult to predict since severity of the diseases and the first appearance of the pathogens can differ substantially between seasons. As part of an ongoing project, the initial sources of inoculum for downy mildews of onion (Peronospora destructor), lettuce (Bremia lactucae) and cucumber (Pseudoperonospora cubensis) is investigated to ensure the use of appropriate control measures for these diseases in Norway. Necrotic leaf tissue from infected plants has been examined for the presence of oospores. Oospores have so far been found profusely in lettuce and sparsely in onion, but not in cucumber. Other aspects that are surveyed are the distribution of spores in air. Spore traps are used to identify both the initial appearance of inoculum, and the presence and amount of spores over a field. To determine spore quantities, real-time PCR has been applied to analyze daily spore catch. These results were compared to data from parallel spore traps where hourly numbers of spores are enumerated by use of microscope. An attempt to backtrack an early infection of P. cubensis was made by producing trajectories to show where possible sources of infection may be located in the case of long distance distribution of spores by air. This work will be continued in 2008 and 2009, and the results will be used for better forecasting of downy mildew pathogens in Norway.
Sammendrag
Aerial dispersal of inoculum is critical to the spread of many plant diseases; including potato late blight (Phytophthora infestans (Pi)), lettuce downy mildew (Bremia lactucae (Bl)) and cucurbit downy mildew (Pseudoperonospora cubensis (Pc)). In addition to relative humidity and temperature, spore survival during aerial dispersal is affected by solar irradiation (SI), in particular during long-distance transport at higher altitudes. We evaluated the potential survival of spores in air by placing detached spores of Pi, Bl and Pc on filter paper in either direct sun or shade at time intervals from 0.5 to 3 h (Pi and Bl), or up to 42 hours (Pc). Thereafter, the filter papers were placed in moist chambers for 15 min prior to incubation on pea agar (Pi) or water agar (Bl and Pc) for 24 h, before the viable spores were enumerated. Spores were considered viable if they exhibited a germ tube or released zoospores. Preliminary results show that no spores of Pi, Bl and Pc germinated after 1, 3 and 30 h exposure to direct sun, with critical SI doses near 700, 2000 and 8500 Wm-2, respectively. In shade, no Pi spores germinated after 3 h, while spores of Bl and Pc were still viable after 3 and 42 h, respectively. In Norway, the potential for long distance distribution of Pi is restricted, but more likely for Bl and Pc. Further experiments will be conducted to find the maximum survival time for spores of these pathogens under Norwegian climatic conditions.
Sammendrag
Aerial dispersal of inoculum is critical to the spread of many plant diseases; including potato late blight (Phytophthora infestans (Pi)), lettuce downy mildew (Bremia lactucae (Bl)) and cucurbit downy mildew (Pseudoperonospora cubensis (Pc)). In addition to relative humidity and temperature, spore survival during aerial dispersal is affected by solar irradiation (SI), in particular during long-distance transport at higher altitudes. We evaluated the potential survival of spores in air by placing detached spores of Pi, Bl and Pc on filter paper in either direct sun or shade at time intervals from 0.5 to 3 h (Pi and Bl), or up to 42 hours (Pc). Thereafter, the filter papers were placed in moist chambers for 15 min prior to incubation on pea agar (Pi) or water agar (Bl and Pc) for 24 h, before the viable spores were enumerated. Spores were considered viable if they exhibited a germ tube or released zoospores. Preliminary results show that no spores of Pi, Bl and Pc germinated after 1, 3 and 30 h exposure to direct sun, with critical SI doses near 700, 2000 and 8500 Wm-2, respectively. In shade, no Pi spores germinated after 3 h, while spores of Bl and Pc were still viable after 3 and 42 h, respectively. In Norway, the potential for long distance distribution of Pi is restricted, but more likely for Bl and Pc. Further experiments will be conducted to find the maximum survival time for spores of these pathogens under Norwegian climatic conditions.