Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2026
Forfattere
Liv Guri VelleSammendrag
Et foredrag som oppsummerer forskning på semi-naturlig natur i gruppen Kulturlandskap og biomangfold, NIBIO. Tar opp eksempler på hvem, hva og hvor - og på hvilke måter forskningen er tidsaktuell for norsk arealforvaltning.
Sammendrag
Etter utbyggingen av E18 Arendal-Tvedestrand har det vært stort søkelys på forekomst av sulfidholdige bergarter som ble avdekket under anleggsarbeidet, og bekymring for at veifyllinger og steinmasser vil kunne gi sur avrenning og giftige konsentrasjoner av metaller. Som en del av tiltaksplanen er det, for å avbøte sulfidoksideringseffekter, tilført skjellsand til disse deponiene. NIBIO tok over miljøovervåkningen høsten 2024. Denne rapporten vurderer tilstand og utvikling for berørte vassdrag på relevante parametere for sulfidoksideringseffekter seks år inn i driftsfasen for veistrekningen. Alle eksisterende data med relevans for miljøovervåkningen er benyttet. I store trekk kan man si at de avbøtende tiltakene har hatt positiv effekt på forsuringsparametere i vassdragene, men også medført økt pH, ANC samt økt innehold av alle hovedioner som igjen gir økt konduktivitet. Konsentrasjon av hovedioner og konduktivitet synes imidlertid å ha vært avtakende de siste årene. I tre av de seks vassdragene vurderes det at tilstand og trender er gode for relevante parametere, og overvåkningen kan avsluttes/nedskaleres. I de øvrige vassdragene er det enten noe påvirkning på, usikker tilstand eller trend for en eller flere parametere.
Sammendrag
Rapporten vurderer hvordan byggingen og driften av den nye E18-strekningen mellom Tvedestrand og Arendal har påvirket vannmiljøet i bekker og vassdrag langs veien. Veien ble åpnet 2. juli 2019 og overvåkningen har blitt gjennomført før, under, og etter anleggsperioden med vannprøvetaking og undersøkelser av biologiske kvalitetselementer. NIBIO overtok miljøovervåkningen høsten 2024. Dagens overvåkningsprogram omfatter 24 lokaliteter i 7 vassdrag som har vist ulik grad av anleggspåvirkning. Dagens vannkvalitet og økologiske tilstand varierer, men generelt viste resultatene økt pH, ANC, basekationer og sulfat i berørte vassdrag. I det aktuelle måleområdet antas imidlertid ikke disse endringene å ha noen negative effekter på tilstanden i vassdragene. Overvåkningen har vist at labilt aluminium, som er giftig for fisk, generelt sett har blitt redusert i overvåkningsperioden. Partikkelnivået er generelt nå som ved forundersøkelsene. Det samme gjelder for nitrogen, nitrat og ammonium for de aller fleste lokalitetene. Metallkonsentrasjonene er gode i hovedvassdragene. Enkelte sidebekker har fortsatt forhøyede metallverdier, men flesteparten viser «god» tilstand eller samme tilstand som ved forundersøkelsene. Fem år inn i driftsfasen er også den økologiske tilstanden tilbake til nivåer tilsvarende forundersøkelsene, men i noen av sidebekkene er tilstanden fortsatt noe dårligere for enkelte kvalitetselement. I flere av lokalitetene der tilstanden er tilbake til «førtilstand» kan overvåkningen avsluttes etter 2026. Lokalitetene som mottar avrenning fra deponier med sulfidholdig berg bør til gjengjeld overvåkes videre.
Forfattere
Akhil Reddy Pashapu Sigridur Dalmannsdottir Marit Jørgensen Odd Arne Rognli Mallikarjuna Rao KoviSammendrag
The predicted increase in frequency and duration of winter warming episodes (WWEs) at higher northern latitudes is expected to negatively impact the forage production in this region. The formation of non-permeable ice cover due to WWEs creates hypoxic or anoxic conditions for plants, leading to severe winter damage. Knowledge about molecular mechanisms underlying various winter stresses, including ice encasement, is crucial to develop cultivars with better winter survival under changing climatic conditions. To date, very little is known about the molecular stress responses under ice encasement stress. To address this knowledge gap, in this study, we aimed to study ice encasement stress responses at the molecular level in the perennial forage grass timothy (Phleum pratense L.) by RNAseq. Genes encoding ethylene-responsive transcription factors, alcohol dehydrogenase 3, pyruvate decarboxylase 2, pyruvate kinase 1, dehydrins, early response to dehydration 15, glutathione reductase, and superoxide dismutase were highly upregulated under ice encasement conditions. KEGG enrichment analysis identified glycolysis, glutathione metabolism, and fructose and mannose metabolism as highly enriched among upregulated genes, whereas photosynthesis, flavonoid biosynthesis, motor proteins, and glycerolipid metabolism were highly enriched among downregulated genes. As initially hypothesized based on the nature of stress, the results indicate a substantial overlap of ice encasement stress responses with those of hypoxia and freezing stresses. Based on our findings and a comprehensive literature review on freezing and hypoxia stress responses, together with physiological studies of plants under ice encasement, we outline the potential mechanisms behind higher ice encasement tolerance in timothy.
Sammendrag
Effektane av klimaendringane, som temperaturstigning, vil forsterke andre pågåande prosessar, som gjengroing i semi-naturlege naturtypar. Dette trugar fleire raudlista karplanter som har dette som leveområde.
Sammendrag
Fish sludge (faeces and fish residues from farmed fish) is currently not permitted as an ingredient in CE-marked fertilising products under the EU Fertilising Product Regulation No. 2019/2009 (FPR). This report provides the scientific basis for a potential proposal to include fish sludge in the FPR by 1) summarising existing knowledge on contaminant levels and the agronomic efficiency, and 2) identifying knowledge gaps. The legal status of fish sludge under the Animal by-products regulation (EU) No. 1069/2009 (ABP) has to be clarified first but is outside the scope of the report. Most available data on fish sludge originate from land-based Atlantic salmon production in Norway. A major knowledge gap is therefore the lack of data on contaminant levels and the agronomic efficiency of fish sludge from sea-based systems, as well as from other countries and aquaculture species. With respect to contaminant levels in fish sludge from land-based smolt systems in Norway, additional data are required for hexavalent chromium, inorganic arsenic, pharmaceuticals, and certain pesticides. The agronomic efficiency of fish sludge from land-based smolt systems in Norway is relatively well documented.
Forfattere
Katherine Mary Dunlop Antti Eloranta Karl Øystein Gjelland Sigurd Slåteng Jenny Lovisa Alexandra Jensen Rune Knudsen Mikko Kiljunen Hallvard Jensen Martin Svenning Rune Muladal André FrainerSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Lucas Bergenhuizen Vincent Leemans Jimmy Bin Caroline De Clerck Pierre Delaplace Jingsi Zhang Çağri Akyol Marta Aranguren Miriam Pinto Matthias Waibel Sarah Symanczik Bente Føreid Hervé Vanderschuren Cécile Thonar Jennifer MichelSammendrag
Bio-based fertilizers (BBFs) are part of the circular economy model for Europe to achieve climate neutrality by 2050, decoupling economic growth from resource exhaustion and maintain agronomic production within planetary boundaries. Here, an Ecotron experiment evaluated agronomic performance and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions (N 2 O, CO 2 ) of four BBFs compared to a synthetic fertilizer (SYN) in broccoli production under a historic reference and a future RCP8.5 climate scenario for Belgium. Crop production parameters such as element use efficiencies and yield were similar or lower for plants receiving BBFs compared to SYN in the reference climate, but similar or higher for BBFs compared to SYN in the future climate. Mechanistically, cropping systems with BBFs benefited from enhanced soil microbial activity compared to SYN in both climates (measured as hydrolysis of fluorescein diacetate), but concurrently also had higher GHG emissions. The risk of nitrate leaching was indifferent amongst fertilizers but globally increased in the future climate with more intense dry-rain shifts. While these results support BBFs as agronomic alternatives to SYN, further research is needed to address climate-induced yield penalties which were observed for all fertilizers (BBFs & SYN) in the future climate.
Forfattere
Petter Öhrn Mats Berlin Jan-Olov Weslien Malin Elfstrand Paal Krokene Anna Maria Jönsson Audrius MenkisSammendrag
Background and aims Drought weakens tree defenses, predisposing Norway spruce (Picea abies) to spruce bark beetle (Ips typographus) attack. The extreme 2018 summer drought in Sweden triggered an unprecedented bark beetle outbreak. Our objective was to quantify how weather, soil moisture, and tree provenance influence Norway spruce defense capacity to a necrotrophic beetle-associated pathogen. Methods Trees at three sites in Sweden were inoculated with the phytopathogenic fungus Leptographium europhioides on four occasions during each of the 2019 and 2021 growing seasons. At each site, we inoculated spruce provenances of Swedish or East European origin, with early and late spring bud burst, respectively. Tree defense capacity, expressed as the extent of necrotic lesion formation following fungal inoculation, was used as a proxy for resistance to bark beetle attack. Results Spruce defense capacity (i.e. lesion size) differed with water availability (both precipitation and soil moisture conditions) but not with the timing of spring bud burst. There were within-season differences, with trees having less efficient defenses (producing larger lesions) in the early season (June). On intermediate soil moisture sites, lesions were larger in 2019 than in 2021. In both years, there was a significant negative correlation between lesion size and water availability in the autumn of the previous year. Conclusion Spruce defense capacity varied with local environmental conditions but not with provenance phenology. Variations between study years reflected the sensitivity of spruce defenses to climatic variability and the partial recovery of tree resistance 3 years after the 2018 drought.
Forfattere
Marta Vergarechea C Antón-Fernández J.U Jepsen Ole Petter Laksforsmo Vindstad Nicolas Cattaneo J.J Camarero Rasmus AstrupSammendrag
resilience. In Norway, birch species (Betula pendula and Betula pubescens) dominate large areas of boreal forest, yet large-scale patterns of their age distribution and growth dynamics remain poorly quantified. Using increment core data from 2818 trees sampled across the Norwegian National Forest Inventory, spanning five vegetation zones (58–71◦N) and a broad productivity gradient, we analyzed the drivers of birch age structure and growth variation across age classes and historical cohorts. Intermediate-aged trees (35–80 years) dominated most regions, whereas older individuals were scarce, particularly on productive sites, reflecting the combined effects of forest management and the life-history strategy of fast-growing pioneer species. When compared at equivalent biological ages, younger trees consistently showed higher basal area increment (BAI) than older trees, with differences strongest during early development and on productive sites. Cohort analyses showed a pronounced long-term increase in juvenile growth: mean BAI during the first ten years after reaching breast height increased steadily across successive cohorts over the past 150 years. This increase became more pronounced after ~1960 and was consistent across vegetation zones and site productivity classes. Although sampling and survivor bias cannot be fully excluded, the consistency across environmental gradients points to broad-scale changes in early growth dynamics of birch forests in Norway. These results underscore the importance of considering both age structure and cohort-related variation when interpreting forest dynamics and planning future management.