Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2015
Forfattere
Yang Shao James Campbell Gregory Taff Baojuan ZhengSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
Markets for cash-crops in developing countries are typically characterized by a concentration of buyer power at different levels of the supply chain. For instance, small-scale coffee farmers sell their produce to a middleman, who in turn sells the coffee onward to an exporter, often a foreign multinational, with monopsony power in the hands of the purchasers at both levels. We analyze pricing behavior and welfare with different assumptions regarding market power. In particular, we show that a more powerful exporter is likely to benefit the producers and may even lead to higher welfare for the producer country as a whole.
Forfattere
Victoria Gonzalez Olavi Junttila bente LindgÅrd rigmor Reiersen Kajetan Trost Kari Anne BråthenSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Zhibo Hamborg YeonKyeong Lee Carl Jonas Jorge Spetz Jihong Liu Clarke Qiaochun Wang Dag-Ragnar BlystadSammendrag
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Sammendrag
Northern landscapes accumulate carbon in vegetation and soils while rivers transport significant amounts of land-derived carbon to coastal areas. Here, we quantify carbon sources and sinks in main ecosystems (forests, peatlands, mountains, agricultural areas, lakes) in Norway for 1990–2008, and compare riverine carbon transport with terrestrial carbon accumulation in Norway’s four major discharge areas. Mean annual carbon accumulation (6.0 ± 0.9 Tg C; 19 g C m−2) in terrestrial ecosystems balanced 40 % of national greenhouse gas emissions. The area-normalized terrestrial sink strength declined in the following order (in g C m−2 year−1): tree biomass (40 ± 3) > peatlands (19 ± 15) > forest soils (9 ± 1) ≫ lakes (2 ± 1) > mountains (0.5 ± 0.3), while agricultural soils were sources of carbon (−36 ± 74). The most precise estimate in the carbon balance was for tree biomass, because of the underlying forest inventory data. Poor data on land management and soil type in agricultural soils, and on (former) drainage and peatland type resulted in high uncertainty in carbon loss and uptake estimates in agricultural soils and peatlands, which impacted the uncertainty in total terrestrial carbon accumulation. Also, carbon losses from disturbance in organic soil types were poorly constrained. Riverine coastal inputs of land-derived organic carbon (OC) were 1.0 ± 0.1 Tg C year−1 (3.0 g C m−2 year−1), with highest area-specific riverine export in western (4.5 g C m−2 year−1) and lowest (1.7 g C m−2 year−1) in subarctic Norway. In west and middle Norway, river OC export was approximately equal to carbon accumulation in soils and wetlands, while it was 50 % of soil and wetland carbon accumulation in southeast and subarctic Norway. Lateral aquatic transport of carbon is not explicitly accounted for in forest soil carbon accumulation estimates, although aquatic fluxes represent a climate-dependent carbon loss from soil carbon pools. The lack of methods that adequately account for lateral fluxes in carbon balances adds considerable uncertainty to soil carbon sink estimates. Climate warming and associated changes in precipitation may result in substantial alterations of terrestrial and aquatic carbon fluxes, with uncertain implications for the terrestrial carbon sink of northern landscapes.
Forfattere
Magnus Lund Jarle W. Bjerke Bert G. Drake Ola Engelsen Georg Heinrich Hansen Frans-Jan W. Parmentier Thomas Powell Hanna Marika Silvennoinen Matteo Sottocornola Hans Tømmervik Simon Weldon Daniel RasseSammendrag
Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license
Sammendrag
Part of the Vega archipelago in north-western Norway is a cultural landscape listed as a UNESCO World Heritage site. Its buffer zone comprises most of the main island of Vega, where agriculture is an important land use. The authors describe interdisciplinary research carried out in the buffer zone. The research revealed the significant role of agriculture for the maintenance of the traditional open coastal landscape. The finding was further underlined by the fact that many visitors to the site never reach the outer archipelago, which is the core of the listed site. Based on interpretations of aerial photographs, land cover maps were produced for three cross-sections in time (1965, 1986, and 2009). A further reclassification of the land cover was performed to capture the change in openness due to change in land cover. Viewshed maps of each building found on the aerial photographs were overlain with the openness classes to capture the visual consequences of the buildings due to changes in land cover. A marked decrease in open land surrounding the buildings was found in the study area, which comprised Holand and Floa-Kjul in Vega Municipality, which in turn comprises the islands of the Vega archipelago. The regrowth of the land seemed to be happening regardless of building category
Forfattere
Lisbeth Schnug Torbjørn Ergon Lena Jakob Janeck J Scott-Fordsmand Erik J. Joner Hans Petter LeinaasSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Geir Wæhler GustavsenSammendrag
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Forfattere
Jørgen A.B. Mølmann Anne Linn Hykkerud Gunnar Bengtsson Randi Seljåsen Per Lea Josefine Skaret Tor J. JohansenSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag