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Publikasjoner

NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.

2023

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Sammendrag

The efficacy of currently available fungicides against apple scab, caused by the fungal pathogen Venturia inaequalis, was investigated in relation to when growers spray (ahead, during, or after rain) and how the spray reaches the target. The adaxial surface of individual leaves of potted trees were sprayed and then inoculated with ascospores of V. inaequalis, to establish dose-response curves for each fungicide. Discriminatory doses providing 50 and 90% symptom inhibition (EC50 and EC90, respectively) in sprays mimicking applications ahead of rain were used for experiments imitating alternative spray timings. Sprays were either applied during the spore germination phase or early or late after infection onset (either 336 or 672 degree-hours after inoculation, respectively), corresponding to grower spray schedules. Experiments were also carried out with sprays applied on the abaxial leaf surface to investigate fungicide efficacy through the leaf lamina. For all fungicides, the best efficacy was observed when sprays were applied during germination, followed by applications ahead of inoculation. Some products maintained equal or better efficacy at early infection, while efficacy in late infection dropped for all products, clearly indicating that this spray timing should be avoided. Some products with postinfection efficacy also showed translaminar efficacy. The close relationship found between EC50 of the active ingredients on potted trees and the label rate could help improve spraying decisions and reduce costs.

Sammendrag

I forbindelse med nydyrking på eiendom med bruksnummer og gårdsnummer 163/5 og 163/11 i Nes kommune er NIBIO engasjert for å planlegge og prosjektere fangdammer som skal rense avrenningsvann fra landbruksområdet som drenerer til bekken Drogga. Målet med anleggelsen av fangdammer er å minimere avrenning, forurensingseffekt og flompåvirkning på Drogga. Planlegging og detaljprosjektering av fangdammene er gjort med hensyn til nedbørsfeltet, terreng og perioder med flom. Det er prosjektert tre fangdammer, to sedimentasjonsdammer og sedimentasjonsdam med våtmarksfilter. Fangdamsystemet følger et søkk i terrenget hvor vannet naturlig drenerer mot. Sedimentasjonsdammene har areal på 1,9 og 1,2 daa og sedimentasjonsdammen med våtmarksfilter har et areal på 1 daa. Dette gir et samlet fangdamareal på 4,1 daa som oppfyller anbefaling om størrelse på fangdamareal i forhold til tilførende areal for avrenning.

Sammendrag

Epigenetic modification is an important mechanism that allows plants to rapidly adapt to changes in environment. This modification can provide long-term increased tolerance and resistance to abiotic and biotic stress and may even be transmittable to progeny. Knowledge on how epigenetic memory is established, maintained, triggered, and transmitted in plants with different evolutionary and life histories is important for understanding and utilizing epigenetic adaptation in plant protection. In this symposium, we welcome talks from those that provide insight into the molecular mechanism underlying epigenetic memory to those that present the practical aspects of implementing epigenetic adaptation in the field.

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Sammendrag

Interactions between plants and herbivores are central in most ecosystems, but their strength is highly variable. The amount of variability within a system is thought to influence most aspects of plant-herbivore biology, from ecological stability to plant defense evolution. Our understanding of what influences variability, however, is limited by sparse data. We collected standardized surveys of herbivory for 503 plant species at 790 sites across 116° of latitude. With these data, we show that within-population variability in herbivory increases with latitude, decreases with plant size, and is phylogenetically structured. Differences in the magnitude of variability are thus central to how plant-herbivore biology varies across macroscale gradients. We argue that increased focus on interaction variability will advance understanding of patterns of life on Earth.