Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2024
Sammendrag
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Sammendrag
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Forfattere
Roger RosethSammendrag
Tunneldrivevann fra sprengte tunneler inneholder mye nitrogen. Påviste konsentrasjoner varierer ofte mellom 30 og 150 mg N per liter, avhengig av drivemåte, innlekking av grunnvann fra og grad av resirkulering. Det antas at i størrelsesorden 30-40 % av udetonert nitrogen i sprengstoffet følger tunnelvannet, mens resten følger sprengsteinen. Etter oppdrag fra Statsforvalteren i Viken har NIBIO gjennomført et pilotforsøk for nitrogenrensing av tunnelvann i et biofilter av flishogd gråor blandet med skjellsand. Pilotforsøket er gjennomført på utbyggingsprosjektet E16 Bjørum-Skaret som et samarbeid med Statens vegvesen og Skanska. Rapporten presenterer resultater fra forsøket.
Forfattere
Kristian Hansen Håvard Steinshamn Matthias Koesling Tommy Dalgaard Bjørn Gunnar Hansen Sissel HansenSammendrag
Dairy farming yields milk and meat; however, production is linked with an environmental burden (Wattiaux et al., 2019). In our study N-intensity, GHG emission and land use occupation at 200 dairy farms from central Norway was calculated from cradle to farm gate. Nitrogen intensity was calculated as sum of N from purchased inputs, biological N-fixation, atmospheric N-deposition, N-surplus from off-farm production of ingredients for concentrates and roughage and of bought animals divided by N in delivered milk and meat (Koesling et al., 2017). The organic farms (n=15) had a lower N-intensity than conventional managed farms (n=185) (5.0 vs 6.9 kg N/kg N). Mainly explained by lower use of imported N in the organic farm group. The organic managed farms, however, had a higher land use occupation than conventional farms (3.6 vs 2.9 m2 per 2.78 MJ edible energy in milk or meat delivered (2.78 MJMM)). The GHG emissions per 2.78 MJ edible energy in milk or meat was on average 1.4 kg CO2/2.78 MJMM edible energy for all farms (n=200). The GHG emission was correlated with N-intensity (r2=0.85), which indicate that reduced N-intensity is associated with lower GHG emissions per product unit. Our results support that improved utilization of local resources, e.g. manure, legumes in grass- based forage are likely to reduce N-intensity at both organic and conventional managed farms. Reduced N-intensity will likely lessen GHG emissions. The reduced N-intensity and GHG emission came at an expense of increased land use occupation per produced product. References Koesling, M., Hansen, S., Bleken, M.A., 2017. Variations in nitrogen utilisation on conventional and organic dairy farms in Norway. Agric Syst. 157, 11–21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agsy.2017.06.001. Wattiaux, M.A., Uddin, M.E., Letelier, P., Jackson, R.D., Larson, R.A., 2019. INVITED REVIEW: Emission and mitigation of greenhouse gases from dairy farms: The cow, the manure, and the field. AAS. 35 (2), 238-254. https://doi.org/10.15232/aas.2018-01803.
Sammendrag
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Forfattere
Ievina SturiteSammendrag
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Sammendrag
It is widely acknowledged that welfare states are important determinants of health in Europe through their mediation of the extent, and impact, of socio-economic positions on health. Arguably, immunisation from market dependencies in healthcare has been associated with core public values of the traditional welfare state and has thus been perceived important for achieving public goods such as social cohesion, equity, and people’s well-being. In recent years, we have seen a change in change in welfare states, where policies aimed at decommodifying the citizens by sheltering them from market dependency, have been supplemented and even replaced by the reverse trend of healthcare recommodification, where the role of markets has been strengthened and access to services through citizenship has been reduced. There is consequently a need for studies that investigate the specific welfare regime features that best contribute to the protection and promotion of the well-being of its citizens. Concentrating on the healthcare part of the welfare state, we analyse differences of subjective perceptions of well-being (self-rated health and happiness) between European countries, by examining how such perceptions are associated with selected indicators related to expenditure, financing, provision, institutional features, primary care orientation, and health decommodification. The paper utilises ten rounds of the European Social Survey (ESS), spanning 20 years and including more than 130,000 individuals from 21 countries. Using multilevel modelling and controlling for individual-level demographic and socio-economic variables, the results suggest that several of the system characteristics are relevant for subjective perceptions of well-being. Public healthcare coverage shows the strongest positive association, while indicators of public–private mix in financing and private provision of healthcare showed less significant results.
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