Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2022
Forfattere
Johannes Breidenbach David Ellison Hans Petersson Kari T. Korhonen Helena M. Henttonen Jörgen Wallerman Jonas Fridman Terje Gobakken Rasmus Astrup Erik NæssetSammendrag
Key message: Using satellite-based maps, Ceccherini et al. (Nature 583:72-77, 2020) report abruptly increasing harvested area estimates in several EU countries beginning in 2015. Using more than 120,000 National Forest Inventory observations to analyze the satellite-based map, we show that it is not harvested area but the map’s ability to detect harvested areas that abruptly increases after 2015 in Finland and Sweden. Keywords: Global Forest Watch, Landsat, Remote sensing, National Forest Inventory, Greenhouse Gas Inventory
Sammendrag
The estimated global production of raspberry from year 2016 to 2020 averaged 846,515 tons. The most common cultivated Rubus spp. is European red raspberry (Rubus idaeus L. subsp. idaeus). Often cultivated for its high nutritional value, the red raspberry (Rubus idaeus) is susceptible to multiple viruses that lead to yield loss. These viruses are transmitted through different mechanisms, of which one is invertebrate vectors. Aphids and nematodes are known to be vectors of specific raspberry viruses. However, there are still other potential raspberry virus vectors that are not well-studied. This review aimed to provide an overview of studies related to this topic. All the known invertebrates feeding on raspberry were summarized. Eight species of aphids and seven species of plant-parasitic nematodes were the only proven raspberry virus vectors. In addition, the eriophyid mite, Phyllocoptes gracilis, has been suggested as the natural vector of raspberry leaf blotch virus based on the current available evidence. Interactions between vector and non-vector herbivore may promote the spread of raspberry viruses. As a conclusion, there are still multiple aspects of this topic that require further studies to get a better understanding of the interactions among the viral pathogens, invertebrate vectors, and non-vectors in the raspberry agroecosystem. Eventually, this will assist in development of better pest management strategies.
Sammendrag
Vi gir i den første delen av denne rapporten en oversikt over dagens skogressurser i Norge og den historiske utviklingen tilbake til 1990. Oversiktene er basert på data fra Landsskogtakseringens permanente prøveflater. Vi presenterer arealfordeling av bonitet og skogtyper i ulike hogstklasser, skogvolum og tilvekst, aldersutviklingen i skog, historisk avvirkning, samt omfang av sluttavvirkning i yngre skog de senere årene, her definert som skog som er yngre enn nedre aldersgrense for hogstklasse 5. Vi dokumenterer også hvor stor andel av skogressursene som står på arealer der det etter sertifiseringsordninger og skoglovgivningen må tas særskilte hensyn ved hogst. I tillegg har vi analysert omfanget av hogst i yngre skog, og som her er definert som avvirkning i skog som er yngre enn nedre aldersgrense for hogstklasse 5. I andre halvdel av rapporten presenterer vi 14 forskjellige prognoser for balansekvantum, med ulike forutsetninger med hensyn til økonomisk drivverdig areal (basert på driftskostnad), skogkulturinnsats, nedre alder ved sluttavvirkning, og for alternative scenarier for prioritering av arealer ved økning av vern av skog. Varierende skogkulturinnsats hadde relativt liten effekt på balansekvantum, men større effekt på tilvekst og volumutvikling samt sammensetningen av framtidig hogstkvantum og skogvolum per treslagsgruppe (gran, furu, lauvtrær). Varierende forutsetninger om nedre aldersgrense for sluttavvirkning hadde også effekt på utviklingen av ressursene og på balansekvantumet. Prognosene der inntil 25 prosent av hogstkvantumet fra sluttavvirkning kan hentes i hogstklasse 4 og resten i hogstklasse 5 gav et høyere balansekvantum enn i prognosene der sluttavvirkning tidligst kan gjennomføres når skogen når nedre aldersgrense for hogstklasse 5. Prognosene uten hogst i hogstklasse 4 gav imidlertid som resultat en større oppbygning av stående volum og tilvekst over tid....
Forfattere
Lisa M. Schüler Juline Walter Hidehiko Kato Hirono Suzuki Christopher Jonathan Hulatt Ralf Rautenberger Sofia Navalho Benjamin Schmid Joao Varela Kiron Viswanath Peter Simon Claus SchulzeSammendrag
Phototrophic microalgae use light to produce biomass and high-value compounds, such as pigments and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), for food and feed. These biomolecules can be induced by flashing light during the final growth stage. We tested different exposure times (1–6 days) of flashing light (f = 0.5, 5, 50 Hz; duty cycle = 0.05) on biomass, pigment and fatty acid productivity in Diacronema lutheri and Tetraselmis striata. A three-day exposure to low-frequency (5 Hz) flashing light successfully increased the production of fucoxanthin, diatoxanthin, eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) acids in D. lutheri up to 4.6-fold and of lutein, zeaxanthin and EPA in T. striata up to 1.3-fold compared to that of continuous light. Biomass productivity declined 2-fold for D. lutheri and remained similar for T. striata compared to that of continuous light. Thus, short-term treatments of flashing light may be promising for industrial algal production to increase biomass value.
Sammendrag
Book of Abstracts p. 225: Perennial sow-thistle (Sonchus arvensis L.) is a problematic weed in arable crops in northern Europe. To control S. arvensis, strategies which reduce both seeds and creeping root production are essential. Inducing repeated sprouting should result in depleting root reserves and reduction in the subsequent shoot emergence. Earlier studies of S. arvensis in the northern European countries have shown a restricted sprouting ability from July/August/ September to October/November. To better understand the sprouting patterns, we conducted joint outdoor pot experiments from March 2020 until July 2021 in three northern European regions: Northern Germany, Norway, and Finland. In each pot, root pieces of 5 cm from local plant material were planted at 5cm depth. Above-ground plants were cut at the soil surface in the growing season of 2020 at 1) flower-bud stage, 2) first visible open flowers, 3) start of seed production, and 4) withering stage. Shoots were counted monthly in 2020 and 2021. In the year 2020, in Germany, sprouting, flowering, seed-set, and withering started earlier than at the other two sites. Significantly more shoots showed up at the flower-bud stage in Germany and Finland compared to Norway. In Finland, significantly more shoots were observed at the later cutting stages compared to the first counts at the flower bud stage. As a subsequent effect, fewest shoots showed up in 2021 at the German and Finnish sites after cutting at flower bud and early flowering stage. The lowest emerged shoot number in 2021 for Norway tended to occur after cutting at the flower bud stage and the start of seed production. Accordingly, cutting at the flower-bud stage decreases the ability to produce shoots in the next year. Keywords: Perennial sow-thistle, sprouting, cutting, shoots Acknowledgements: This research was part of the project “AC/DC-weeds” which is funded by ERA-Net Cofund SusCrop/EU Horizon 2020, Grant no. 771134
Forfattere
Randi Seljåsen Barbara Kusznierewicz Agnieszka Bartoszek Jørgen A.B. Mølmann Ingunn M. VågenSammendrag
Biosynthesis of phytochemicals in leaves of Brassica can be initiated by abiotic factors. The aim of the study was to investigate elicitor treatments to add value to waste of cabbage. A leaf waste fraction from industrial trimming of head cabbage was exposed to UV radiation (250–400 nm, 59 and 99 kJ∙m−2, respectively), photosynthetic active radiation (PAR, 400–700 nm, 497 kJ∙m−2), and ultrasound in water bath (35 kHz, at 15, 30 and 61 kJ∙l−1 water), in order to improve nutraceutical concentration. UV was more effective than PAR to increase the level of flavonols (2 to 3-fold higher) and hydroxycinnamate monosaccharides (1 to 10-fold higher). PAR was three times as effective as UV to increase anthocyanins. Interaction of PAR + UV increased antioxidant activity (30%), the content of five phenolics (1.4 to 10-fold higher), and hydroxycinnamic monosaccharides (compared with PAR or UV alone). Indoles were reduced (40–52%) by UV, but the other glucosinolates (GLS) were unaffected. Ultrasound did not influence any parameters. The results are important for white cabbage by-products by demonstrating that UV + PAR can be successfully used as an effectual tool to increase important phenolics and antioxidant activity of waste fraction leaves without an adverse effect on the main GLS.
Sammendrag
The three-dimensional structure of forest canopies is essential for light use efficiency, photosynthesis and thus carbon sequestration. Therefore, high-quality characterization of canopy structure is critical to improving our carbon cycle estimates by Earth system models and better understanding disturbance impacts on carbon sequestration in forested ecosystems. In this context, a widely used observable is the Leaf Area Density (LAD) and its integral over the vertical dimension, the Leaf Area Index (LAI). A multitude of methods exists to determine LAD and LAI in a forest stand. In this contribution, we use a mature Norway spruce forest surrounding an ICOS flux tower at Hurdal site (NO-Hur) to investigate LAD and LAI with six different methods: field campaigns using (1) the Plant Canopy Analyzer LAI-2000; (2) the LaiPen LP 110; (3) Digital Hemispheric Photography at a set of plots within the area; (4) a Lidar drone flight covering the footprint area of the tower; (5) an airborne Lidar campaign, and (6) a satellite LAI product (MODIS). The horizontal spatial structure of LAI values is investigated using marked point process statistics. Intercomparison of the methods focusses not only on biases and root mean squared errors, but also on the spatial patterns observed, quantifying to which extent a simple bias correction between the methods is sufficient to make the different approaches match to each other.
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