Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2017
Sammendrag
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Forfattere
Vlada Vitunskienė Vilija Aleknevičienė Astrida Miceikienė Jonas Čaplikas Vaclovas Miškinis Irina Pilvere Daiva Makutėnienė Vida Dabkienė Vidas Lekavičius Knut Øistad Neringa Ramanauskė Virginija Kargytė Darius Jazepčikas Evaldas Serva Aurelija MarkelytėSammendrag
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Sammendrag
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Sammendrag
To degrade lignocellulose efficiently, lower termites rely on their digestive tract’s specific features (i.e., hysiological properties and enzymes) and on the network of symbiotic fauna harboured in their hindgut. This complex ecosystem, has different levels of symbiosis, and is a result of diverse co-evolutionary events and the singular social behaviour of termites. The partnership between termites and flagellate protists, together with prokaryotes, has been very successful because of their co-adaptative ability and efficacy in resolving the needs of the involved organisms: this tripartite symbiosis may have reached a physiologically stable, though dynamic, evolutionary equilibrium. The diversity of flagellate protists fauna associated with lower termites could be explained by a division of labour to accomplish the intricate process of lignocellulose digestion, and the ability to disrupt this function has potential use for termite control. Multi-level symbiosis strategy processes, or the cellulolytic capacity of flagellate protists, may lead to innovative pathways for other research areas with potential spin-offs for industrial and commercial use.
Forfattere
Ola Stedje HanserudSammendrag
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Forfattere
Eveliina Kallioniemi Jens Åström Graciela Rusch Sondre Dahle Sandra Charlotte Helene Åström Jan Ove GjershaugSammendrag
There is consensus that land-use change is a main driver behind the recent declines of many pollinator populations in Europe. However, it is still not adequately understood how the local resource quality and landscape composition influence pollinators, and if and how the effects vary in space and time. We analysed the influence of landscape- (2 km radius) and local scale- (50 m transects) resources on bumblebee species richness and abundance during two years in South-eastern Norway, where agriculture is highly modernised but landscapes still show limited spatial homogenization. Local flower density and species richness were strongly positively associated with bumblebee densities and species richness, but higher landscape-level flower species richness were linked to lower local bumblebee abundances. Early and late mass flowering crops had clear, but contrasting, effects. The total area of early flowering crops had a consistent negative impact on bumblebee density and species richness throughout the season, while late flowering crops had a positive impact in the beginning of the season before their bloom, suggesting a carry-over effect from previous years. The negative effects of early flowering crops could be due to competition of bumblebees with honey-bees, which are widely used in these crops. Bumblebee density and species richness were clearly negatively correlated with the total area of forest and flower-poor land use areas, including grass fields and cereals. In contrast, bumblebees were positively associated with most linear elements in the landscape (especially pasture and cropland verges), except for roads, which negatively affected bumblebee densities, possibly due to increased mortality, since the quality of the flower resources did not differ from other linear elements. Our results show that the quality and the spatial and temporal distribution of flower resources within the landscape are important drivers for bumblebees, but can create counterintuitive distribution patterns depending on the temporal and spatial resolution of the survey. Increasing flower resources in linear elements and the amount of late mass-flowering crops may be viable management measures to improve conditions for bumblebees in moderately intensified landscapes. Bombus Pollinators Linear features Mass-flowering crops Landscape ecology Agricultural landscapes Ecosystem services
Forfattere
Ryan Bright Edouard Davin Thomas O'Halloran Julia Pongratz Kaiguang Zhao Alessandro CescattiSammendrag
Following a land cover and land management change (LCMC), local surface temperature responds to both a change in available energy and a change in the way energy is redistributed by various non-radiative mechanisms. However, the extent to which non-radiative mechanisms contribute to the local direct temperature response for different types of LCMC across the world remains uncertain. Here, we combine extensive records of remote sensing and in situ observation to show that non-radiative mechanisms dominate the local response in most regions for eight of nine common LCMC perturbations. We find that forest cover gains lead to an annual cooling in all regions south of the upper conterminous United States, northern Europe, and Siberia—reinforcing the attractiveness of re-/afforestation as a local mitigation and adaptation measure in these regions. Our results affirm the importance of accounting for non-radiative mechanisms when evaluating local land-based mitigation or adaptation policies.
Forfattere
Finn-Arne HaugenSammendrag
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Forfattere
Eva Narten Høberg Elisabet Carine Ljunggren Mariell Jørstad Benedicte Forsland Ingrid RoaldsenSammendrag
Forbrukernes interesse for lokal mat er stadig økende. Dette gjenspeiles bl.a. i økt omsetningstall for lokal mat. Halvparten av norske turister sier samtidig at lokale mat- og drikkeopplevelser er viktige når de reiser i Norge. I tillegg er det en generell økende betalingsvilje for lokal mat blant nordmenn, der nordlendingene topper statistikken. Omsetningsveksten for lokal mat i dagligvaremarkedet er også størst i Nord-Norge. Den økte interessen for lokal mat viser at dette er et konkurransefortrinn for restauranter som tilbyr særegne kvaliteter gjennom sine menyer, ikke minst i Nord-Norge. Det er derfor en voksende trend å tilby lokale råvarer og lokale spesialiteter........
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