Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2026
Sammendrag
This paper presents a social benefit-cost analysis (BCA) of Precision Agriculture (PA)and Enhanced Efficiency Fertilizers (EEF) for reducing nitrate pollution in the Zelivka catchment, the drinking-water source for 1.5 million people in Prague and surrounding regions. The analysis combines field-level data (50,309 ha, 729 farms), meta-analytical biophysical parameters, a dynamic heterogeneous-agent adoption model, and cross-validation against an independent SWAT+ hydrological simulation. Technology adoption generates a mean Net Present Value of EUR 291 million (95% CI: EUR 94 775 million) over fifty years, with a deterministic benefit-cost ratio of 19.8. Even with health benefits set to zero, the NPV remains positive at EUR 44 million, indicating that private benefits alone cover adoption costs. BCA and the SWAT+ approaches imply comparable rates of reservoir-concentration decline (≈0.15 mg/L/yr in SWAT+ over its lag-free window versus a ≈0.13 mg/L/yr peak in the BCA once the lag has elapsed). At-source nitrogen prevention via agricultural technology adoption offers a cost-effective complement to structural catchment measures and end-of-pipe water treatment.
Forfattere
Cordula I.H. Wittekind Felix Witing Sydney E. White Christoph Schürz Marie Anne Eurie Forio Moritz Shore Csilla Farkas Martin Futter Dennis Collentine Lorenzo Sanguanini Ronald A. Kolcsar Brigitta Szabo Piroska Kassai Martin Volk Michael StrauchSammendrag
This study presents ParetoPick-R, an R Shiny application for post-processing multi-objective optimisation (MOO) results in environmental modelling. Although MOO is widely used in environmental management, its multi-dimensional and abstract outputs are often hard to interpret and apply directly. ParetoPick-R addresses this challenge by enhancing the interpretability and usability of MOO results for decision support. The tool integrates three key strategies. First, interactive visualisation techniques enable users to explore synergies and trade-offs among objectives and link objective and decision spaces. Second, a clustering-based data reduction approach condenses large Pareto sets into representative subsets while preserving essential trade-off structures. Third, an Analytical Hierarchy Process facilitates the systematic incorporation of stakeholder preferences across objectives and decision variables. This paper describes the design and implementation of ParetoPick-R and demonstrates its functionality and procedural application through two distinct case studies.
Forfattere
Martyn Futter Katri Rankinen Joachim Audet Heleen de Wit Csilla Farkas Martin Forsius Jens Fölster Anastasija Isidorova Øyvind Kaste Dominika Krzeminska Katarina Kyllmar Emma Lannergård James Edward Sample Eva Skarbøvik Lars Sonesten Brian KronvangSammendrag
River mouth nitrogen: phosphorus: silicon (N:P:Si) stoichiometry can predict marine eutrophication potential. Furthermore, deviations from Redfield molar N: P:Si = 16:1:20 ratios can offer insight into limiting nutrients and risks for harmful algal blooms (HAB). Here, we present N:P:Si stoichiometry based on total P, dissolved inorganic N and dissolved Si for 88 coastal river mouths in Norway, Sweden and Finland between 2017 and 2024. Rivers ranged from ultra-oligotrophic to hyper-eutrophic. N and P concentrations increased from north to south, with no latitudinal Si gradient. Most rivers were either P or jointly NP depleted relative to Si, with no overall evidence of Si depletion. However, there was some evidence of seasonal Si depletion. We show how using multi-element approaches, e.g., the Index of Coastal Eutrophication Potential (ICEP) can help to guide management actions. Specifically, Using Si depletion relative to N and P concentrations as an indicator of HAB potential may offer a means to identify catchments where nutrient load reductions can have the largest benefit on marine ecosystem health. Such multi-element approaches can complement single nutrient assessments based on, e.g., the Carlson Trophic Status Index or Water Framework Directive status class assessments.
Forfattere
Berg, EivindSammendrag
Tyngre maskiner, intensiv drift og færre lagelige kjørevinduer er utfordringer moderne landbruk møter i dag (Rygh, 2020). Alle de nevnte kan bidra til redusert porevolum, redusert luft- og vanntransport, svakere rotutvikling og økt risiko for erosjon og avrenning. Fangvekster kan på sin side bidra til å bedre de utfordringene her. Denne masteroppgaven er i samarbeid med NIBIO Apelsvoll som en del av EU-prosjektet Hort2Future (https://hort2thefuture.eu/, 2026). Forsøket ble gjennomført på Østre Toten hos NIBIO Apelsvoll hvor det har blitt sett på hvordan fangvekster kan kompensere for eller redusere pakkingseffektene i jorda. Til dette har det blitt etablert et forsøksfelt i 2025 med italiensk raigras (Lolium), lupin (Lupinus) og oljereddik (Raphanus sativus var. Oleiformis) samt kontrollruter, i pakket og upakket jord. Pakkingen ble gjennomført med en traktorekvipasje med en hjulvekt på 3,7 tonn. Fangvekstene ble sådd like etter pakking i juli og utover høsten ble det samlet inn data om både overjordisk og underjordisk biomasse, samt uforstyrrede jordprøver og aggregatanalyser. Resultatene viste at jordpakking ga høyere jordtetthet og lavere porevolum, særlig i det øverste jordlaget. Effekten var likevel ikke entydig gjennom jordprofilet og variasjoner i jordtype, steininnhold og lokale feltforhold ser ut til å ha påvirket resultatene. Fangvekstene viste en tendens til bedre vekst i de upakkede feltene, med signifikant forskjell i overjordisk biomasse for lupin. Rotmålingene ga ikke et like tydelig bilde, og for lupin og oljereddik ble det funnet mer finrøtter i pakket jord, noe som kan tyde på at fangvekstene forsøkte å kompensere for vanskelige vekstforhold, heller enn å utvikle den dype påleroten som var ønsket i forsøket. For de jordfysiske målingene viste resultatene at fangvekster kunne påvirke jordstrukturen positivt, blant annet gjennom økt porevolum og aggregatfordelingen. Likevel var det få statistiske sikre effekter. Jordpakking hadde en tydelig negativ effekt på jordstrukturen, spesielt i toppsjiktet. Fangvekstene viste lovende tendenser til å kunne forbedre jordstrukturen, spesielt gjennom økt biomasseproduksjon og deres påvirkning på porevolum og aggregater. Å begrense jordpakking er trolig fremdeles det beste tiltaket for å redusere jordpakking (Seehusen et al., 2021), og å forbedre jordstrukturen tar trolig lengre tid enn en vekstsesong for fangvekster. Hypotesen om at fangvekster kan bidra til bedre jordstruktur støttes dermed delvis, men viser også at fangvekster som biologisk jordløsning krever god etablering, tilstrekkelig vekstsesong og gunstige vekstforhold for å kunne gi tydelige resultater.
Sammendrag
Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) is widely used to characterize subsurface structures and to monitor dynamic processes through time-lapse measurements. Its multiscale applicability has enabled laboratory investigations of solute and gas transport in rocks and sediments, as well as field-scale imaging of landfill interiors based on contrasts in moisture content and waste composition. Landfill gas production, primarily CO₂ and CH₄ generated by organic waste degradation, remains difficult to monitor using ERT due to the highly heterogeneous and dynamic nature of waste bodies. To address this challenge, we built a small-scale cylindrical laboratory column, equipped with 64 electrodes to systematically investigate the sensitivity of ERT to gas presence and migration in waste. The experimental setup allows independent control of key parameters including waste grain size, chemistry, saturation, gas volume, flow velocity, and gas composition. This contribution presents the first stage of the project, focusing on the design, optimization, and validation of the ERT column. Using a combination of forward modeling and preliminary laboratory measurements, we assess the system’s spatial resolution, sensitivity distribution, and error sources related to both data acquisition and inversion. The results highlight the importance of pre-optimizing laboratory ERT configurations and provide practical guidelines for the design of similar experimental systems, a step that is often only briefly documented in previous studies.
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Jirata Shiferaw Abosse Bekele Megersa Feleke Zewge Ståle Haaland Samuel Assefa Fasil Ejigu EregnoSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Ingrid Nesheim Julia Szulecka Anne-Grete Buseth Blankenberg Natalja Čerkasova Rozalija Cvejić Joana Eichenberger Caroline Enge Raimonds Ernšteins Marie Anne Eurie Forio Petr Fučík Marek Giełczewski Agota Horel Kinga Farkas-Iványi Ilona Kása Piroska Kassai Gregor Kramberger Dominika Krzeminska Tatenda Lemann Peter Molnar Federica Monaco Michael Strauch Brigitta Szabó Felix WitingSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Trond MæhlumSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
M.R. Eini M. Piniewski P. Braun E.A. Chiaradia Csilla Farkas L. Honzak P. Kassai R. Kolcsár S. Plunge L. Sanguanini C. Schürz Moritz Shore B. Szabó M. Volk C.I.H. Wittekind M. StrauchSammendrag
Climate change is intensifying floods, droughts, and nutrient export from agricultural landscapes, threatening water security under increasingly non-stationary hydroclimatic conditions. Although landscape-scale water-retention measures are widely promoted as nature-based solutions, their combined effectiveness under future climates remains poorly constrained, particularly across contrasting hydroclimatic settings. Here, we evaluate the capacity of distributed retention portfolios to buffer climate-driven hydrologic and water-quality change using a harmonized, field-explicit Soil and Water Assessment Tool Plus (SWAT+) framework applied to five European agricultural catchments spanning a pronounced hydroclimatic gradient. Portfolios, co-designed with local stakeholders, were simulated under historical and late-century climates drawn from bias-corrected Coordinated Regional Climate Downscaling Experiment over Europe (EURO-CORDEX) simulations. Impacts were assessed for flood peaks, low flows, soil-moisture drought duration, and nutrient or sediment export. Climate change consistently amplifies hydrologic extremes and pollutant loads, particularly under wetter future conditions. Retention portfolios reduce flood peaks and pollutant export across all catchments but provide only limited improvements in low flows and drought duration. However, portfolio effects rarely offset climate-driven changes, indicating that retention primarily functions as a risk-reduction strategy rather than a means of restoring baseline conditions. Portfolio effectiveness showed weak associations with the catchment dryness index and varied among catchment-specific portfolios. Because hydroclimate, catchment properties, measure composition, and spatial placement covary in this comparative design, their independent effects cannot be separated. The results nevertheless identify measure-pathway alignment and hydrologic connectivity as plausible design considerations. Responses were predominantly co-beneficial across indicators, indicating that portfolios can deliver multiple co-benefits with limited trade-offs. These findings position distributed retention portfolios as a useful but inherently limited component of climate adaptation, underscoring the need to combine retention with complementary strategies to manage residual risks.