Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2023
Sammendrag
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Sammendrag
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Forfattere
Anna Birgitte MilfordSammendrag
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Sammendrag
Tomat er følsom for mange virus og viroider, men det har likevel ikke vært vanlig å finne virus og viroider i norske tomatveksthus de siste ti-årene. Det har nå dukket opp et nytt virus i tomat i Europa som vekker stor bekymring. Det er tomatbrunflekkvirus (tomato brown rugose fruit virus, ToBRFV). Mattilsynet gjennomførte derfor i 2021 og 2022 et kartleggingsprogram for ToBRFV i samarbeid med NIBIO. I 2021, ble det samlet inn 394 prøver (som representerte 3940 individuelle planter) fra i alt 17 gartnerier, hovedsakelig fra Rogaland. Det ble i 2022 samlet inn 150 prøver (som representerte 3000 individuelle planter) fra i alt 7 småplante tomatgartnerier. Det ble ikke påvist ToBRFV i noen av prøvene. Det ble imidlertid funnet ToBRFV i en prøve som ble sendt inn til Planteklinikken fra et mindre gartneri i Vestfold på forsommeren 2021.
Forfattere
Yupeng Zhang Tuomas Toivainen Kathryn Mackenzie Igor A. Yakovlev Paal Krokene Timo Hytönen Paul Grini Carl Gunnar FossdalSammendrag
Temperature conditions experienced during embryogenesis and seed development may induce epigenetic changes that increase phenotypic variation in plants. Here we investigate if embryogenesis and seed development at two different temperatures (28 vs. 18°C) result in lasting phenotypic effects and DNA methylation changes in woodland strawberry (Fragaria vesca). Using five European ecotypes from Spain (ES12), Iceland (ICE2), Italy (IT4), and Norway (NOR2 and NOR29), we found statistically significant differences between plants from seeds produced at 18 or 28°C in three of four phenotypic features investigated under common garden conditions. This indicates the establishment of a temperature-induced epigenetic memory-like response during embryogenesis and seed development. The memory effect was significant in two ecotypes: in NOR2 flowering time, number of growth points and petiole length were affected, and in ES12 number of growth points was affected. This indicates that genetic differences between ecotypes in their epigenetic machinery, or other allelic differences, impact this type of plasticity. We observed statistically significant differences between ecotypes in DNA methylation marks in repetitive elements, pseudogenes, and genic elements. Leaf transcriptomes were also affected by embryonic temperature in an ecotype-specific manner. Although we observed significant and lasting phenotypic change in at least some ecotypes, there was considerable variation in DNA methylation between individual plants within each temperature treatment. This within-treatment variability in DNA methylation marks in F. vesca progeny may partly be a result of allelic redistribution from recombination during meiosis and subsequent epigenetic reprogramming during embryogenesis.
Forfattere
Paal Krokene Isabella Børja Elena Carneros Toril Drabløs Eldhuset Nina Elisabeth Nagy Daniel Volařík Roman GebauerSammendrag
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Forfattere
Leonor Rodrigues Alice Budai Lars Elsgaard Brieuc Hardy Sonja G. Keel Claudio Mondini Cesar Plaza Jens LeifeldSammendrag
Biochar is a carbon (C)-rich material produced from biomass by anoxic or oxygen-limited thermal treatment known as pyrolysis. Despite substantial gaseous losses of C during pyrolysis, incorporating biochar in soil has been suggested as an effective long-term option to sequester CO2 for climate change mitigation, due to the intrinsic stability of biochar C. However, no universally applicable approach that combines biochar quality and pyrolysis yield into an overall metric of C sequestration efficiency has been suggested yet. To ensure safe environmental use of biochar in agricultural soils, the International Biochar Initiative and the European Biochar Certificate have developed guidelines on biochar quality. In both guidelines, the hydrogen-to-organic C (H/Corg) ratio is an important quality criterion widely used as a proxy of biochar stability, which has been recognized also in the new EU regulation 2021/2088. Here, we evaluate the biochar C sequestration efficiency from published data that comply with the biochar quality criteria in the above guidelines, which may regulate future large-scale field application in practice. The sequestration efficiency is calculated from the fraction of biochar C remaining in soil after 100 years (Fperm) and the C-yield of various feedstocks pyrolyzed at different temperatures. Both parameters are expressed as a function of H/Corg. Combining these two metrics is relevant for assessing the mitigation potential of the biochar economy. We find that the C sequestration efficiency for stable biochar is in the range of 25%–50% of feedstock C. It depends on the type of feedstock and is in general a non-linear function of H/Corg. We suggest that for plant-based feedstock, biochar production that achieves H/Corg of 0.38–0.44, corresponding to pyrolysis temperatures of 500–550°C, is the most efficient in terms of soil carbon sequestration. Such biochars reveal an average sequestration efficiency of 41.4% (±4.5%) over 100 years.
Sammendrag
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Forfattere
Mekjell Meland Mirjam Vujadinović Mandić Ana Vuković Vimić Milica Fotirić AkšićSammendrag
The commercial apple production in Norway is limited to the small regions along the fjord areas in the southwest part of the country and around lakes or near the sea in the southeast part with favorable climate. Due to the rapid rate of climate change over the recent decades, it is expected that suitable heat conditions for apple growing will expand to the areas that previously were too cold. This study analyses the heat suitability of past, present and future climate for six commercial apple varieties in Norway (Discovery, Gravenstein, Summerred, Aroma, Rubinstep, and Elstar). The methodology for identifying favorable heat conditions is developed using meteorological and phenological observations from the Ullensvang orchards and applied on a high-resolution gridded datasets of temperature observations and climate projections. The assessment indicates that with increasing temperatures, heat conditions suitable for cultivation all six apple varieties are expanding. The surfaces with favorable heat conditions for less heat-demanding varieties increased threefold over the last 60 years. In the period 2011-2020, heat suitable climate for cultivating at least one of the considered apple varieties is found at 15% of the analyzed territory, while 2.5% was suitable for growing all six varieties. In the future, the favorable areas will advance from south and southeast northwards and inland in the eastern region, along the west and northwestern coastline towards higher latitudes, and along continental parts of fjords. The fastest expansion of heat suitable conditions is expected for less heat-demanding varieties. The findings of this study show an increasing potential for apple production in Norway that are relevant for strategical planning of climate change adaptation measures within the sector. Weather related risks, such as the risk from damaging low temperatures, drought and extreme precipitation were not considered.
Forfattere
Einar StrandSammendrag
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