Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2024
Forfattere
Habtamu AlemSammendrag
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Sammendrag
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Sammendrag
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Sammendrag
A sustainable dietary transition requires knowledge of the drivers and barriers of dietary choices. We investigate the role of preferences for domestic food, as well as environmental and health concerns, as drivers for the consumption of red and white meat, fish, ready-made plant-based food products and self-identification as some type of meat reducer (flexitarian, vegetarian, or vegan). A survey of 1102 consumers was conducted in Norway with questions about food attitudes, beliefs and preferences regarding health, the environment and domestic food as well as dietary habits and demographics. The results from interval and logistic regression analyses show that stronger preferences for domestic food are associated with higher consumption of red meat and a lower likelihood of eating plant-based food and identifying as a meat reducer. Health concerns are associated with higher consumption of white meat and fish, and environmental concern is associated with lower consumption of white meat and a higher likelihood of eating plant-based food. The results also confirm previous research results that disbelief regarding the negative health and environmental impacts of meat correlate with higher meat consumption and a lower likelihood of eating plant-based food. In addition, we find that people who believe that Norway is a country primarily suited for livestock production have higher consumption of meat and a lower likelihood of eating plant-based food. We conclude that to make certain consumers transition away from meat, it is important to provide domestically produced, plant-based alternatives and to implement policy measures that will generate positive storylines of improved farmer livelihoods.
Sammendrag
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Sammendrag
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Forfattere
Maria Wilhelmina Tuomi Tove Hilde Ågnes Utsi Nigel Gilles Yoccoz Claire W. Armstrong Victoria Gonzalez Snorre Hagen Inga-Svala Jonsdottir Francisco I. Pugnaire Katriona Shea David A. Wardle Sophia Theresa Zielosko Kari Anne BraathenSammendrag
Ongoing Arctic greening can increase productivity and reindeer pasture quality in the tundra. However, greening may also entail proliferation of unpalatable species, with consequences for pastoral social-ecological systems. Here we show extensive greening across 20 reindeer districts in Norway between 2003 and 2020, which has reduced pasture diversity. The allelopathic, evergreen dwarf-shrub crowberry increased its biomass by 60%, with smaller increases of deciduous shrubs and no increase in forbs and graminoids, the most species rich growth forms. There was no evidence for higher reindeer densities promoting crowberry. The current management decision-making process aims at sustainable pasture management but does not explicitly account for pasture changes and reduced diversity. Large-scale shifts towards evergreening and increased allelopathy may thus undermine the resource base for this key Arctic herbivore and the pastoral social-ecological system. Management that is sensitive to changes in pasture diversity could avoid mismanagement of a social-ecological system in transition.
Forfattere
Mekjell MelandSammendrag
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Forfattere
Knut ØistadSammendrag
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Forfattere
Annika M. Felton Adam Felton Per-Ola Hedwall David Raubenheimer Stephen Simpson Robert Spitzer Hilde Karine WamSammendrag
The moose (Alces alces) is a large-bodied, ruminant herbivore inhabiting temperate and boreal forests, where their foraging can profoundly influence ecological processes. In intensively managed landscapes, such as large parts of Scandinavia, browsing by moose can also affect human economic interests, such as commercial forestry. Deciphering the nutritional underpinnings of the moose’ foraging choices is therefore in the interest of both wildlife ecology and forest management. In this talk I will summarise findings from several studies from Scandinavia in which we have used the nutritional geometry framework to study moose foraging behavior. First, a small feeding experiment with captive moose indicated that their food choice was not governed by energy maximization as previously postulated. Instead the moose appeared to combine food to reach a target macronutritional balance. We later confirmed this pattern of macronutrient balancing by analysing rumen content (by wet chemistry and NIRS) and faeces (indirectly via by DNA metabarcoding) from a large number of wild moose during wintertime across Sweden. The moose’ tendency to maintain a stable balance between protein and non-structural carbohydrates was most recently confirmed by a detailed study of moose summer time in Norway, using camera collars and plant collections. These studies on the Scandinavian moose have also revealed patterns of complementarity, compensatory intake, linkages to damage and fitness, and valuable information about key forage plant species, and thereby help to improve our understanding of nutritional ecology.