Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2025
Forfattere
Mélanie Spedener Gunnar Austrheim Alexandre Goudier Josh Hauer Juliette Helbert Marie Vestergaard Henriksen Remi Hérault Silje Maria Midthjell Høydal Sarah Lou Malick-Wahls Karen Marie Mathisen Mathijs Megens Anders Nielsen Franziska Veronika Schubert Morten Tofastrud Jenny Larsen Valaker Barbara ZimmermannSammendrag
Diskusjonen om husdyr på utmarksbeite i skog er sammensatt og går blant annet ut på hvordan det kan kombineres med skogdrift, rovviltforvaltning, og bevaring av biologisk mangfold. I dette forskningsprosjektet har vi undersøkt hvordan husdyr på sommerbeite i skog innenfor eller nær ulvesonen påvirker skogbruk og artsmangfold. Nærmere bestemt har vi studert effektene av sau innenfor rovviltavvisende gjerder og av frittgående storfe på granforyngelse og plante-pollinator samfunn i boreal produksjonsskog. Vi undersøkte hvorvidt beitedyrene gjorde skade på unge grantrær gjennom beiting og tråkk og hvorvidt de bidro til ungskogspleie ved å fjerne konkurrerende vegetasjon. I tillegg undersøkte vi hvordan beitedyr påvirket planter i feltsjiktet, blomsterressurser og pollinerende insekter. Hverken storfe eller sau førte til økte beite- og tråkkeskader på små grantrær. Både storfe og sau bidro til ungskogspleie ved å beite på løvtrær og ved å redusere høyden av feltsjiktvegetasjonen. Storfe førte til økt dødelighet hos gran, om så i svært begrenset omfang, mens sau førte til økt høydetilvekst. Både storfe og sau påvirket feltsjiktvegetasjonen, men storfe i større grad enn sau. Sau førte til redusert høyde av graminider, mens storfe førte til redusert høyde av graminider, lyng og urter, i tillegg til redusert mengde av graminider. Både storfe og sau påvirket blomsterressursene, og storfe hadde igjen større effekt enn sau. Mens sau førte til en nedgang i artsrikdom, førte storfe til nedgang i både artsrikdom og mengde av blomster. Både storfe og sau påvirket pollinerende insekter, og her førte begge til en nedgang i mengden av disse. Funnene våre tilsier at både sau innenfor rovviltavvisende gjerder og frittgående storfe godt kan kombineres med dagens skogbruk som har som hovedmål å produsere grantømmer ved bruk av flatehogst – i hvert fall når husdyrtetthetene er like lave som i våre studieområder. Vi var overrasket over at husdyrene hadde negative effekter på plante-pollinator samfunn. Dette er bekymringsfullt og bør tas hensyn til, særlig siden vi nesten utelukkende fant ville pollinatorer i studieområdene våre, som er av stor interesse i forhold til naturvern.
Sammendrag
Rosenort er en høyt verdsatt og populær urt i tradisjonell medisin. Det er en anerkjent medisinplante, verdsatt for sine svært aktive sekundære metabolitter. Globalt er det i dag et stort marked som etterspør ulike naturkost produkter. De viltvoksende bestandene av rosenrot kan derfor stå i fare for å bli overutnyttet og dyrking vil være nødvendig. I Russland som har lange tradisjoner for bruken av rosenrot, er arten rødlistet og planten ble i 2023 inkludert på CITES liste for handel med planter/plantemateriale (https://cites.org/sites/default/files/documents/E-CoP19-Prop-45.pdf). Det finnes relativt lite forskningsgrunnlag for dyrking. Forholdene ligger på flere områder til rette for at Norge kan bli en stor produsent av rosenrot og kvalitets produkter laget av rosenrot. Dyrking av planten er mulig (Dragland og Galambosi, 1996) men for å optimalisere dyrkingen er undersøkelser av forhold som oppal, gjødsling, vanning og etterbehandling etter høsting viktige. I denne dyrkingsveiledningen presenteres tidligere og nye resultater på en rekke undersøkelser som skal bidra til økt dyrking av rosenrot.
Forfattere
Trygve S. AamlidSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Trygve S. AamlidSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Payel Bhattacharjee YeonKyeong Lee Marcos Viejo Gareth Benjamin Gillard Simen Rød Sandve Torgeir Rhoden Hvidsten Brit Salbu Dag Anders Brede Jorunn Elisabeth OlsenSammendrag
Conifers are among the most radiosensitive plant species. Elevated, sublethal levels of ionising radiation result in reduced apical dominance in conifers, indicating a negative effect on shoot apical meristems (SAMs). The SAMs, harbouring the pluripotent stem cells, generate all the cells of the shoot, enabling growth and reproduction. However, knowledge on the effects of ionising radiation on such stem cells is scarce, but important for risk assessment and radioprotection of plants in contaminated ecosystems. Here, we assessed the sensitivity of in vitro-grown stem cells of Norway spruce to 144 h of gamma irradiation at 1–100 mGy h −1 , using such cells as a model for molecular toxicity of gamma radiation in conifers. Although there were no visible effects of the gamma irradiation on cell proliferation and subsequent embryo formation, dose rate-dependent DNA damage was observed at ≥ 10 mGy h −1 , and comprehensive organelle damage at all dose rates. Massive dose rate-dependent transcriptome changes occurred, with downregulation of a range of genes related to cell division, DNA repair and protein folding but upregulation of stress-related hormonal pathways and several antioxidant-related genes. The upregulation of such genes, survival and continued proliferation of at least a subset of cells and the post-irradiation normalisation of expression of DNA repair and protein-folding genes together with somatic embryo formation suggest that stem cells are able to recover from gamma-irradiation-induced stress. Collectively, regardless of cellular abnormalities after gamma irradiation, and huge transcriptomic shifts towards stress management pathways, the pluripotent stem cell cultures were able to retain their stemness.
Forfattere
Hannah Rivedal Todd Temple Robert Starchvick Joseph Gallagher Dustin Herb Jason Crisp Nicole Anderson Tatiana Benedetti Amy PeetzSammendrag
Oregon’s grass seed industry specialises in producing forage grasses including annual ryegrass (ARG, Lolium multiflorum), a host for the seed gall nematode (SGN, Anguina funesta). SGN causes yield- limiting seed galls and are strictly regulated in international trade. From 2019 to 2020, over 500 metric tons of Oregon ARG seed were rejected from international ports due to SGN detection. A 2022 field survey of 22 ARG fields in the Willamette Valley of Oregon resulted in SGN detection in 50% of the fields throughout the growing season. Several approaches managing SGN are under evaluation. Previous reports indicate that there may be genetic resistance to SGN in other Lolium species. Therefore, a breeding population of 240 public accessions of L. multiflorum have been seeded with two seed galls and planted in the field. Seed were harvested to evaluate for galls in July 2025 and to identify potential resistant families for future study. To date, no nematicides are labelled for the control of SGN. Varied fluopyram timings and rates, as well as an untreated control, are being evaluated in the field with and without growth regulation for SGN control. Seed yield and galled seed data was collected showing limited differences between treatments. Cultural control methods are also being considered, including seed cleaning and utilizing high energy pulses on seed galls. Preliminary data suggests that these could be viable treatments to reduce SGN inoculum. Successful control options for the SGN in ARG seed production are important to reduce the spread of this nematode globally and maintain healthy forage production.
Forfattere
Seth Dorman Darrin Walenta Navneet Kaur Hannah Rivedal Nicole AndersonSammendrag
Successful mitigation of agricultural insect pests depends on integrated pest management practices incorporating multiple techniques for effective population management below economically damaging levels. Pest surveillance remains the cornerstone of IPM programs, enabling appropriately timed management action. Phenological models using weather data are commonly used as decision support tools to predict the timing of ‘when’ economically important life stages are expected to occur. Furthermore, geostatistical models that consider landscape-level variation in environmental drivers of pest densities may inform ‘where’ outbreaks are expected to occur along spatial gradients of abiotic and biotic risk factors. Thus, predictors of pest populations can be leveraged to generate spatiotemporal risk assessments. Migratory and overwintering moth species in the family Noctuidae (order Lepidoptera) comprise a complex of serious pests that threaten the profitability of grasses grown for seed in the Willamette Valley, Oregon, USA, as well as seed production globally. Noctuid pests, including black cutworm, true armyworm, and winter cutworm, inflict crop damage by direct feeding on plant crowns and roots in the larval developmental stage. Management action with foliar insecticides is most effective when larvae are immature (early instar stage) due to insecticide susceptibility and pest behaviour. For noctuid pests (and other priority pests) in grass seed systems, real-time phenological models can provide field practitioners with information to better allocate pest monitoring and management resources to reduce input costs.
Forfattere
Jing Zhou Nicole Anderson Marshall Garrett Logan Snell Thomas ChastainSammendrag
Seed moisture content (SMC) is the most reliable indicator of optimal harvest timing in many seed crops, including grass seed. Measuring SMC as grass seed crops approach maturity is recommended to determine optimal harvest timing. Currently, to measure SMC, seeds need to be stripped from heads by hand, weighed, dried until all the moisture has been lost, then re-weighed, and SMC manually calculated. Collecting SMC information in this manner is arduous, time consuming, and prone to error. Consequently, this procedure has resulted in inadequate SMC testing or failure to test in a timely fashion. In addition, SMC is an important factor in the storage of harvested seed, which typically needs to be stored under 12% SMC, to ensure high seed quality. The goal of this project is to develop a portable sensing device - The Grady Sensor - that allows for rapid and accurate SMC measurement of grass seed. The sensor employs near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy principles that water molecules absorb specific NIR wavelengths. By analysing the light reflected from the seed surface, the sensor predicts SMC based on the intensity of the reflected light at moisture-sensitive wavelengths. Over two years, multiple sensor prototypes have been developed, and their performance has been validated through field tests in Oregon and New Zealand. Sensor readings were compared to laboratory oven gravimetric SMC values of samples collected from major grass seed species, including tall fescue, annual ryegrass, perennial ryegrass, orchardgrass, creeping red fescue, creeping bentgrass, Chewings fescue, and Kentucky bluegrass. The sensor readings demonstrated a significant linear relationship with the oven SMC. Mean absolute errors of sensor SMC predictions were within 1.2 to 4.6% across all grass species. The results indicate that the prototype is a reliable replacement for the traditional oven drying method.
Forfattere
Alison Wilette Pete Berry Andy Branka Nicole Anderson Navneet KaurSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Navneet Kaur Seth Dorman Christy Tanner Nicole AndersonSammendrag
Tychius picirostris Fabricius (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), the clover seed weevil (CSW), is a major pest of white clover (Trifolium repens L.) seed crops in Oregon, USA, where larval feeding during seed development reduces yield and quality, causing substantial economic losses. For decades, CSW management has relied on bifenthrin (IRAC Group 3A), but since 2017 growers have reported reduced efficacy, prompting concern of resistance. Laboratory bioassays in 2022-2023 confirmed very high resistance to bifenthrin (RR50 = 178-726) and moderate resistance to malathion (Group 1B; RR50 = 7.8-32.8), underscoring the need for alternative chemistries and insecticide resistance management (IRM) guidelines. From 2022 to 2024, on-farm insecticide efficacy trials were conducted in commercial white clover seed fields in western Oregon. Early-season (pre-bloom or PB) application using contact insecticides (malathion, isocycloseram [Group 30], indoxacarb [Group 22]) targeted adults, either alone or in sequence with mid-season (full bloom or FB) application of systemic insecticides (chlorantraniliprole and cyantraniliprole [Group 28]) targeting larvae. Adult abundance was monitored with 20-sweep net samples, and larval densities were estimated from 30 inflorescences per plot extracted with Berlese funnels. Across sites and years, isocycloseram consistently suppressed adult populations, cyantraniliprole reduced larval densities, while indoxacarb showed variable performance. Although seed yields did not differ significantly among treatments, yet efficacy data supported product registration in Oregon and highlighted the value of chemical rotation plans for resistance management. Based on these findings, we recommend discontinuing bifenthrin and adopting an integrated resistance management (IRM) program that applies contact insecticides during spring adult migration when ≥2 weevils per sweep are detected and systemic insecticides during full bloom when ≥3 per 30 inflorescences are observed.