Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2008
Forfattere
Leif Sundheim May Bente Brurberg Trond Hofsvang Christer Magnusson Trond Rafoss Brita Toppe Anne Marte Tronsmo Bjørn ØklandSammendrag
In 2007, after many years of absence, Cucumber Green Mottle Mosaic Virus (CGMMV) reoccurred in Norwegian cucumber production. The Norwegian Food Safety Authority is considering to regulate CGMMV as a quarantine pest and commissioned a Pest Risk Analysis (PRA) of the virus. The Panel of Plant Health gives the following conclusions: Both recent and previous presence of CGMMV indicate that the pest is able to establish in the PRA area. The most probable pathway for long distance spread into the PRA area is seed transmission. Infected seedlings, people, water and soil are probable pathways for short distance spread. The probability of further spread is from location to location is high. Dry heat treatment has probably been the most effective measure to prevent the spread of CGMMV. There is a moderate level of uncertainty regarding the pathway for entry of CGMMV into the PRA area. There is a low degree of uncertainty regarding the pathogen survival and possibilty for transmission, establishment and spread in Norwegian greenhouse cucumber production.
Forfattere
Leif Sundheim May Bente Brurberg Trond Hofsvang Christer Magnusson Trond Rafoss Brita Toppe Anne Marte Tronsmo Bjørn ØklandSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Leif Sundheim May Bente Brurberg Trond Hofsvang Christer Magnusson Trond Rafoss Brita Toppe Anne Marte Tronsmo Bjørn ØklandSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Leif Sundheim May Bente Brurberg Trond Hofsvang Christer Magnusson Trond Rafoss Brita Toppe Anne Marte Tronsmo Bjørn ØklandSammendrag
Wild oats (A. fatua) is present in 155 out of 431 Norwegian municipalities. It is widely distributed in all municipalities in the main agricultural areas in south-east and central-east Norway, and in the municipalities close to the Trondheim fjord. Otherwise wild oats is present in only a few scattered municipalities not geographically connected to these main areas. Endangered area, not yet infested by A. fatua, is estimated to 228858 ha. This area is spread over the cereal growing part of Norway. The counties of North- and South -Trøndelag have a higher portion of endangered area not yet infested than south and central part of East Norway. The probability of entry of A. fatua from outside the PRA area (Norway) is very low. The probability of spread within Norway is high. In areas with low infestation, like in Trøndelag, the probability of spread is lower than in heavily infested areas. However, in areas with high level of infestation there are few new farms left to be infested. The official wild oats register is a valuable tool in regulations aiming to limit spread. The register also provides a tool to follow up infested farms. The register would be even more useful if inspection for infestation on new farms had been more systematic. Wild oats is no longer devastating even in cereal monocropping, due to cost efficient herbicides. However, in Norway an increasing area is infested with wild oats. The infestation may vary from only a few plants to total coverage of the field. In cereal monocropping chemical treatment with and without hand roguing is the only feasible control methods. Hand roguing alone is expensive and ineffective even on modest infestation. The structural changes in cereal farming result in more farms being managed by entrepreneurs. Field managed by entrepreneurs promotes use of herbicide even on small infestations since this is a cost effective measure to control the weed. Less official control of cereal fields can also be expected. The economical consequences are thus expected to be high. The economical consequences can be even higher in organic farming if the most profitable rotation has to be changed to a less profitable one because of wild oats infestation.
Forfattere
Leif Sundheim May Bente Brurberg Trond Hofsvang Christer Magnusson Trond Rafoss Brita Toppe Anne Marte Tronsmo Bjørn ØklandSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
Et utdrag fra Bioforsk Rapport 2 (145) 2007; "Redusert jordarbeiding og glyfosat" presentert på Plantemøtet 2008
Sammendrag
De senere år har det vært mye fokus på redusert jordarbeiding i norsk landbruk. Noe som kan ha bidratt til økt bruk av plantevernmiddelet glyfosat. Her gis en oversikt over viktig nasjonal og internasjonal forskning knyttet til dette temaet, samt noen konklusjoner knyttet til muligheter og begrensninger ved redusert bruk av glyfosat.
Sammendrag
In April 2007, orange-red pustules were found in needle scars on defoliated, dead shoots on a nordmann fir (Abies nordmanniana) Christmas tree in Rogaland County in south western Norway. A microscope slide made from the pustules revealed Fusarium-macrospores. On average they were 40.2 µm long and 2.9 µm wide (n=50). No microspores were found. A red coloured culture was obtained by transferring spore mass from a sporodochium to PDA (potato dextrose agar) with a sterile needle. The culture was transferred to SNA (spezieller nährstoffarmer agar) where macrospores developed. The majority of the spores had three septa, most of them were slightly curved, apically bent, basal cells were foot shaped, and spores were long and slender. Six singlespore cultures appeared identical on SNA. Two were chosen for an inoculation test. This test took place on 4 June 2007 in a polyethylene tunnel where the plants were kept during the whole experimental period. Nearly fully grown current year shoots on container grown nordmann fir transplants were inoculated by placing PDA agar plugs with fungal growth at the base of some unwounded needles on each shoot. Twelve transplants were used for each of the two isolates. The plants were covered with polyethylene bags for five days. After the bags were removed, the foliage was kept wet throughout the growing season by 1-3 minutes (depending on temperature) overhead irrigation every third hour. Brown shoots developed during the summer regardless of which singlespore isolate that had been used for inoculation. Samples from brown shoots were collected 20 October. No sporodochia, like we found under field conditions in April, had developed on the inoculated shoots. Neither did they develop after incubation in the laboratory. Only a whitish, fluffy mycelium was seen. CZID (Czapek dox iprodione dichloran agar) was used for reisolation from the dead shoots. From each group of 12 inoculated plants, two and three Fusarium-cultures were obtained, respectively. No symptoms were observed and no Fusarium sp. was isolated from the control plants (exposed to same treatment, but agar plugs with no fungal growth had been used). The Fusarium strain could not be accurately identified to species when the FUSARIUM-ID database v. 1.0 (http://fusarium.cbio.psu.edu) was searched with partial sequence of TEF (translation elongation factor 1-"). The original culture plus the two single spore cultures used for inoculation had identical TEF sequences which were most similar to F. acuminatum (97% identity). One out of six single spore cultures from each of the five reisolates, was sequenced. One of them matched the original culture, but the other four were most similar to F. avenaceum (98% identity). Different from the original culture, the F. av.-like isolates had both macro- and microconidia (0-3 septa, oval spore shape). On PDA, the F. ac.-like culture grew 25 mm in 72 hours (dark and 25°C) and the four F. av.-like cultures grew between 32 to 40 mm. They could not be distinguished by colour. Hyphal coils were found on both species, but were most prominent on the F. ac.-like culture. The fact that sequencing revealed involvement of two Fusarium-species, makes is difficult to draw conclusions about pathogenicity, but since the control plants showed no symptoms, there may be indications that the F. ac.-like fungus killed the inoculated shoots and that the F. av.-like fungus came in as a secondary invader from the environment inside or outside the tunnel. F. acuminatum is reported as a pathogen on conifer seeds and seedlings, but to our knowledge this is the first report of a F. ac.-like fungus causing dieback on a Christmas tree.
Sammendrag
Planteparasittære nematoder er små rundormer som skader røttene på korn. Symptomene viser seg som tynn plantebestand, svake planter og mer ugras. I de siste årene viser henvendelser fra produsenter at problemene med nematoder er økende. Prøver med korncystenematoder, rotsårnematoder og stuntnematoder er vanlig. I prøvene hvor resistente sorter for korncystenematoder er dyrket, og skader vises, er ofte rotsårnematoder funnet. Rotsårnematoder er påvist i forbindelse med skader i alle kornarter. I en del av feltene som er undersøkt i Vestfold, Østfold, Agder, Romerike og Buskerud er det vist til dels høge populasjoner av rotsårnematoder.
Forfattere
Ricardo Holgado Anette Stryken Christer Magnusson Irene Rasmussen Kari-Ann Strandenæs Bonsak HammeraasSammendrag
Bioforsk gjennomførte i samarbeid med Lier og omegn forsøksring en kartlegging av planteparasittære nematoder i Lier. Dette p.g.a. at det i 2006 ble påvist skader av nematoder i stilkselleri hos en dyrker i Lier. I vekstsesongen 2007 ble det gjort undersøkelser i 37 prøver fra grønnsakfelt fra 7 produsenter, hvor det ble dyrket blomkål, brokkoli, kinakål, isberg salat, stangselleri, og fra felter som var brakk/pløyd/frest. Det ble funnet stuntnematoder (Tylenchorhynchus sp.) i 27 prøver (72,9 %), Kålcystenematoder (Heterodera cruciferae) og cystenematoder (Heterodera spp.) i 25 prøver (67,5 %), rotsårnematoder (Pratylenchus spp.) i 20 prøver (54 %), pin-nematoder (Paratylenchus spp.) i 11 prøver (29,7 %), og spiralnematoder i 3 prøver (8,1 %).