Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2010
Forfattere
Kari SkjånesSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Kari SkjånesSammendrag
Green microalgae can be used for a number of commercial applications, including health food for human consumption, aquaculture and animal feed, coloring agents, cosmetics and pharmaceuticals. Several products from green algae that are in use today, consist of metabolites which can be extracted from the algal biomass. The most well known examples are the carotenoids astaxanthin and Β-carotene, which are used as coloring agents and for health promoting purposes. Many species of green algae are able to produce valuable components for different uses, examples are antioxidants, several different carotenoids, polyunsaturated fatty acids, vitamins, anticancer and antiviral drugs. In many cases these components are secondary metabolites which are produced when the algae are exposed for stress conditions like for example nutrient deprivation, light intensity, temperature, salinity, pH and other. In other cases the components have been detected in algae grown under optimal conditions, and little is known about how an optimal production of each product could be induced and how their production would react to stress conditions. Some green algae have shown the ability to produce significant amounts of hydrogen gas during sulfur deprivation, a process which is currently extensively studied. At the moment, the majority of research in this field has focused on the model organism Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, but other species of green algae have also showed this ability. Currently there is scarce information available regarding the possibility for producing hydrogen and other valuable components in the same process. This study explores stress conditions which are known to induce production of the different valuable products in comparison with stress reactions leading to hydrogen production. Wild type species of green microalgae with ability to produce hydrogen during anaerobic conditions, and during sulfur deprivation are compared to species with known ability to produce high amounts of certain valuable metabolites. . This information is explored in order to form a basis for selection of wild type species for a future multidiciplinary process, where hydrogen production from solar energy is combined with production of valuable metabolites and other commercial uses of the algal biomass.
Sammendrag
I 2009 inngikk åtte flater i den intensive skogovervåkingen der utviklingen av skogøkosystemet i Norge blir fulgt. Disse flatene inngår i det nasjonale "Overvåkingsprogram for skogskader", og de er også en del av det europeiske nettverket av intensive skogovervåkingsflater, der 37 land deltar med mer enn 800 flater (ICP Forests). Intensiv skogovervåking er utført her i landet siden midten av 1980-tallet, med tidsserier som beskriver endringer i skogøkosystemet. Hovedformålet er å beskrive skogens helsetilstand og belyse virkninger av langtransporterte forurensninger på skogøkosystemet. Observasjonene fra 2009 presenteres i denne rapporten.....
Sammendrag
Traditional wood preservatives based on biocides are effective against wood-deteriorating organisms because of their toxicity. By contrast, modified woods are non-toxic by definition. To investigate the efficiency of various wood modifications, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was used to profile the DNA amounts of the white-rot fungus Trametes versicolor (L.) [Lloyd strain CTB 863 A] during an 8-week-long growth period in treated Pinus sylvestris (L.) sapwood. The studied wood was modified by acetylation, furfurylation, and thermal treatment. The traditional wood preservatives bis-(N-cyclohexyldiazeniumdioxy)-copper (Cu-HDO) and chromated copper arsenate (CCA) were used as references, whereas untreated P. sylvestris (L.) sapwood served as a control. The maximum levels of fungal DNA in native wood occurred at the end of the experiment. For all wood treatments, the maximum fungal DNA level was recorded after an incubation period of 2 weeks, followed by a decline until the end of the trial. For the preservative-treated woods, Cu-HDO showed the lowest level of fungal DNA throughout the experiment, indicating that exploratory hyphal growth is limited owing to the phytotoxicity of the treatment. The other treatments did not inhibit the exploratory hyphal growth phase. We conclude that qPCR studies of hyphal growth patterns within wood should provide a powerful tool for evaluating and further optimizing new wood protection systems.
Sammendrag
We have recently found that Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) can rapidly adjust its adaptive performance, probably through an epigenetic mechanism. This appears to employ a kind of long-term memory of temperature sum and (probably) photoperiod from the time of its embryo development. In our research we made identical controlled crosses and produced seed lots under controlled temperature and day-length conditions and later observed phenology, growth and hardiness traits in the progenies. It was repeatedly found that temperature conditions during seed set, in particular, influence the phenotypes of the offspring; seedlings from seeds produced under warm conditions have later terminal bud set and reduced autumn frost hardiness than those from seed produced under colder conditions, and thus perform like a more southern provenance. When embryonic clones were derived from mature zygotic embryos and were cultured at different temperatures, the plants cultured under warm in vitro temperature were the last to set bud and grew taller than those cultured at lower temperatures. Progenies produced in Norway by Central European mother trees had a bud set curve skewed towards that of the local Norwegian performance. A comparison of the performance of seedlings from seeds collected in the same provenance regions in 1970 and 2006 shows that the more recent seed lots consistently produce taller seedlings with a later bud set, probably due to higher temperatures during seed production in 2006. The effect of reproductive environment has been shown to persist for years. It mimics the variation between provenances from different latitudes and altitudes and may explain much of the observed variability in bud set and early height growth between natural populations of Norway spruce. The observed phenomenon suggests an epigenetic mechanism in the developing embryo, either zygotic or somatic, that senses environmental signals such as temperature and influences adaptive traits. Research is underway to understand the molecular basis of this mechanism. We will discuss the implications of this epigenetic phenomenon for the interpretation of provenance differences, for tree breeding and for its possible role in adaptation to climate change.
Sammendrag
Burot (Artemisia vulgaris) har de siste årene spredt seg raskt og er til stor sjenanse for mange. Ikke bare er den et plagsomt ugras, men den utgjør også et helsemessig problem. Norges Astma- og Allergiforbund (NAAF) regner med at 200.000 mennesker er allergiske mot burotpollen. Pollenet spres med vinden, men i et lavt luftsjikt og sjelden lengre enn 100-200 meter. Det vil derfor være effektivt å bekjempe burot lokalt, for å begrense allergiproblemer knyttet til burot nær barnehager, skoler, idrettsanlegg, boligområder og helseinstitusjoner.
Sammendrag
Frøavl av stedegne planter til restaurering etter inngrep i fjellet kan bli en viktig nisjeproduksjon for norske frøavlere. Målet med prosjekt FJELLFRØ (2007-2010) er (1) å samle inn mormateriale, (2) å oppformere og utføre frøavlsforsøk, og (3) å anlegge demonstasjonsfelter med utprøving av stedegent plantemateriale i utvalgte anleggsområder i fjellet. Prosjektet eies av Telemark frøavlerlag (hovedeier), Norges Vassdrags- og Energidirektorat (NVE), Statkraft Energi AS, Forsvarsbygg og Felleskjøpet Agri. Til å utføre det faglige arbeidet i prosjektet har Styringsgruppa for FJELLFRØ engasjert Bioforsk og Norsk Landbruksrådgivning Østafjells. Foreliggende rapport gir en oversikt over oppformering og forsøk i 2009 og trekker opp videre planer for siste prosjektår 2010.
Sammendrag
Foredrag på fagmøte i Norsk landbruksrådgiving SørØst 10/12-2010
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
2009
Forfattere
Belachew Asalf Tadesse Håvard Eikemo Andrew Dobson Anne-Marte Tronsmo Cecilie Hagen David M. Gadoury Robert C Seem Arne StensvandSammendrag
Several non-chemical control agents are now registered and available for control of powdery mildews. However, there is little or no information about their efficacy against strawberry powdery mildew, caused by Podosphera aphanis. Trials were conducted to compare the performance of non-chemical control agents to chemical fungicides under laboratory, greenhouse and high plastic tunnel conditions. The treatments included: AQ10 (active ingredient is Ampelomyces quisqualis, a hyperparasite on powdery mildew), AQ10 + Silwet Gold (organosilicon adjuvant, enhances distribution and wetting), Vacciplant (active ingredient is laminarin, an extract from brown algae), JMS Stylet oil (mineral oil), Rape seed oil + detergent, Thiovit (wettable sulphur), Topas 100 EC (penconazole) + Candit (kresoximmethyl) and water as control. In the greenhouse, one quarter of the recommended dose was used either daily in one experiment or three times per week in another. In the field, half of recommended rates were applied twice weekly. Both in the greenhouse and tunnel experiments, the chemical control Topas + Candit and AQ10 + Silwet Gold significantly reduced disease severity. AQ10,Vacciplant and Thiovit were moderately effective when applied daily in the greenhouse trial, but not significantly different from the water control when applied three time per week in the greenhouse and twice a week in the tunnel experiment. In the plastic tunnel, the JMS stylet oil and Rape seed oil + detergent treatments caused severe phytotoxic reaction (necrosis). AQ10 used alone had the poorest performance in the tunnel. This indicated that the spreader either enhances the effect of AQ10 and/or the spreader itself had an effect. In laboratory experiments with powdery mildew grown on strawberry leaflets in Petri dishes, spore germination after treatments with water, Stylet oil, Candit and Thiovit were 74, 53, 8 and 7%, respectively. The effect of Thiovit found in the laboratory was not reflected in the greenhouse and plastic tunnel trials. We will further explore the protectant, curative and eradicative effects of the compounds included here.