Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2010
Sammendrag
Advantages:•Better animal welfare •Better utilization of local wood resources, preserve open landscape •Easy to combine with bio energy production •Flexible buildings, economy? •Local added value Challenges:•Optimise composting process •Manurial value •Competence •Effective production of woodchips
Forfattere
Per Otto Flæte Gry Alfredsen Kristian Bysheim Øyvind Eriksen Anders Qvale Nyrud Birger VenneslandSammendrag
Roundwood timber is raw material for numerous products. Wood based products are generally recognised as favourable regarding energy consumption and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Several studies have shown that the net CO2 emissions can be reduced by using biofuels harvested from forests to substitute fossil fuels, and by using wood for building materials. Energy use and GHG emissions associated with producing roundwood can be influenced by a broad range of factors, such as silvicultural practice, topography, applied technology, forestland ownership, industrial structure, etc. This emphasizes the importance of using representative data for energy use and GHG emissions when calculating environmental impacts. The aim of this study was to investigate the embodied energy and life cycle GHG emissions of industrial softwood sawlogs in Norway, covering the production chain from tree seed to log yard. Analyses were based on activity data for the Norwegian forest sector for the year 2007. The results showed that the embodied energy and GHG emissions were low compared with the energy and CO2-equivalents stored in the roundwood (about 2%). The findings from this study can be used to inform future decisions on processes in forestry that should be focused on when planning actions to reduce energy consumption and GHG emissions. Additionally, as roundwood timber is raw material for numerous products the results can be useful when preparing documentation of environmental impacts, such as environmental product declarations, which are increasingly demanded by the market.
Sammendrag
I 2008 ble to forsøksfelt etablert i Rinnleiret og Ørin naturreservat i Nord-Trøndelag for å studere metodikk for bekjemping av rynkerose (Rosa rugosa). Oppdragsgiver var Direktoratet for naturforvaltning. Målet med prosjektet var å øke kunnskapen om bekjempelse av rynkerose ved å utvikle metoder og forsøksoppsett for mekanisk og kjemisk bekjempelse av rynkerosekratt i verneområder. Resultatene viser at tidspunkt for nedkapping og sprøyting er viktig. I forsøket hvor kun mekanisk fjerning av rynkerose ble brukt, viser resultatene at det er nødvendig å rydde krattene flere ganger i løpet av vekstsesongen. Denne rapporten presenterer resultatene etter to år med gjentatte behandlinger og en sluttrevisjon det påfølgende året. Ingen av tiltakene som ble gjennomført i forsøkerutene førte til fullstendig fjerning av rynkerose. To år med kontrolltiltak mot denne arten er for lite og bekjempelsen må følges opp systematisk over flere år dersom en skal lykkes i å fjerne rynkerose fra verdifulle kysthabitater. Det vil kunne gi verdifull tilleggsinformasjon om langtidseffekten av tiltakene dersom et par av de mest lovende behandlingene ble valgt ut for storskala praktisk forsøk.
Sammendrag
Docks are among the most important perennial weeds in grasslands throughout the world and the need for more effective control methods is especially crucial in organic forage production. To find more effective control methods, field trials over 2 years at 4 Norwegian locations, were carried out mainly as a full-factorial design, including factors expected to reduce docks significantly. (i) Date of grassland establishment: may be important for preventing/decreasing the flush of seedlings from seeds as well as shoots from root fragments.(ii) False seedbed preparation: to decrease soil seed bank. (iii) Use of nurse crop (cover crop) to increase competitiveness against Rumex seedlings. (iv) Cutting the taproot, using a rotary tiller before ploughing, or the "dock-plough" (a skimmer modified to cut roots in the entire furrow width at ca 7 cm depth): as new shoots mostly come from the neck and the upper 5 cm of the taproot. (v) Ploughing depth and skimming: to decrease shoots from root fragments. Weed development was assessed as the number of emerging Rumex seedlings and plants sprouting from root fragments. Results indicated that frequently more plants emerged from seeds than from root fragments. Neither renewing the grassland in summer, nor the use of the rotary tiller or the "dock plough" reduced the number of docks in the renewed grasslands. The use of the false seedbed and nurse crop, at some locations and years, reduced the number of docks in the renewed grasslands. Deep ploughing (24cm) reduced the number of Rumex plants from roots by 65% percent compared to shallow ploughing (16cm). Furthermore, the use of a skimmer reduced the number of docks sprouting from roots by 28%. Among the investigated factors, competitiveness, false seedbed and ploughing depth, as well as ploughing quality, seems to be the most promising factors for reducing the number of docks in renewed grassland.
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Sammendrag
Rapporten gir en oppsummering av dyrkingsteknikk og nye forsøksresultater ved frøavl av engrapp, rødsvingel, kvein og rødkløver i Danmark.
Sammendrag
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