Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2018
Forfattere
Ari Hietala Isabella Børja Hugh Cross Nina Elisabeth Nagy Halvor Solheim Volkmar Timmermann Adam Vivian-SmithSammendrag
European ash (Fraxinus excelsior), a keystone species with wide distribution and habitat range in Europe, is threatened at a continental scale by an invasive alien ascomycete, Hymenoscyphus fraxineus. In its native range of Asia, this fungus is a leaf endophyte with weak parasitic capacity and robust saprobic competence in local ash species that are closely related to European ash. In European ash, H. fraxineus has a similar functional role as in Asia, but the fungus also aggressively kills shoots, resulting in crown dieback and tree death. H. fraxineus is a typical invasive species, as its spread relies on high propagule pressure. While crown dieback of European ash is the most obvious symptom of ash dieback, the annual colonization of ash leaves is a crucial key dependency for the invasiveness of H. fraxineus, since its fruiting bodies are formed on overwintered leaf vein tissues in soil debris. Leaves of European ash host a wide range of indigenous epiphytes, endophytes, facultative parasites and biotrophic fungi, including Hymenoscyphus albidus, a relative of H. fraxineus that competes for the same sporulation niche as the invader. At face value, leaves of European ash are colonized by a large and diverse indigenous mycobiome. In order to understand why this invader became successful in Europe, we discuss and summarize the current knowledge of diversity, seasonal dynamics and traits of H. fraxineus and indigenous fungi associated with leaves of European ash.
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Klepp municipality ordered a report on how to manage weed control in urban green areas without use of chemical methods. Measures need to be taken already in the planning and in the establishment phase, when soils should be free of weed plants and with as little weed seeds as possible. Cleaning for weds needs to be followed up very methodologically. A standard for how much weeds that can be tolerated before treatment should be given to each specific area. In the report, we refer to different alternative methods of weed control. Choices of methods should be according to the specified area, the standards and with concern for the users of those areas. The treatments must be safe and efficient. Weeds removed with gas burners, treated with hot water or eventually with other suitable equipment. We emphasize that success depend on good planning and education of the persons that shall realize the weed control.
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Trefall på kraftlinjer utgjør en betydelig risiko for strømforsyningen. Digitale kartdata sammen med risikomodeller kan hjelpe nettselskapene til å finne særlig utsatte nettstrekninger, og prioritere skogbehandling der.
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