Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2016
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Forfattere
Hugh Riley Mette Thomsen Gunnar Bengtsson Marit Rødbotten Grethe Iren Andersen Borge Per LeaSammendrag
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Sammendrag
Aim: The objective was to assess the nitrogen provided to following crops by peas and fava beans, with varying legume residue incorporation and use of cover crops. Meth: Organic field trial, ‘spilt-split plot design’ with 4 blocks. Whole plots (spring 2014) had legumes (pea or faba beans), and sub plots (autumn 2014) had 4 autumn soil treatments with combinations of legume residue incorporation and cover crop. The sub-sub plots (spring 2015) were with and without additional manure fertilization. Res: The root biomass of both legume pre cops had equal nitrogen (N) concentration, but total root biomass was twice as high for fava beans as for peas (5.08 vs. 2.41 kg m-2). Fava bean pre crop with biomass incorporation without cover crop gave the highest broccoli yield (4.10 t ha-1) compared with pea pre crop with biomass incorporation and no cover crop (2.44 t ha -1). Also the last crop in the rotation, lettuce, had 94% higher yield after fava beans (6.6 t ha-1) compared to peas (3.4 t ha-1). Rye as cover crop efficiently assimilated and conserved N during winter, shown by a 4 to 5 fold reduction in soil NO3-N, and nearly 2 fold reduction in soil N-min levels, compared to open soil. Additional manure application affected crop yield, with 3 and 2 fold increase in broccoli and lettuce respectively. Conc: Fava beans as pre crop resulted in higher yields of broccoli and lettuce the following seasons, compared to peas. This was explained twice as much root biomass for that crop.
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Important losses in strawberry production are often caused by the oomycete Phytophthora cactorum, the causal agent of crown rot. However, very limited studies at molecular levels exist of the mechanisms related to strawberry resistance against this pathogen. To begin to rectify this situation, a PCR-based approach (NBS profiling) was used to isolate strawberry resistance gene analogs (RGAs) with altered expression in response to P. cactorum during a time course (2, 4, 6, 24, 48, 96 and 192 h post-infection). Twenty-three distinct RGA fragments of the NB-LRR type were identified from a resistance genotype (Bukammen) of the wild species Fragaria vesca. The gene transcriptional profiles after infection showed that the response of most RGAs was quicker and stronger in the resistance genotype (Bukammen) than in the susceptible one (FDP821) during the early infection stage. The transcriptional patterns of one RGA (RGA109) were further monitored and compared during the P. cactorum infection of two pairs of resistant and susceptible genotype combinations (Bukammen/FDP821 and FDR1218/1603). The 5′ end sequence was cloned, and its putative protein was characteristic of NBS-LRR R protein. Our results yielded a first insight into the strawberry RGAs responding to P. cactorum infection at molecular level.
2015
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