Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2023
Sammendrag
Stacked event MON 89034 × 1507 × MIR162 × NK603 × DAS‐40278‐9 (EFSA‐GMO‐NL‐2018‐151) is a genetically modified maize developed via conventional breeding. MON 89034× 1507 × MIR162 × NK603 × DAS‐40278‐9 plants contain the transgenes cry1A.105, cry2Ab2, cry1F, Vip3Aa20, cp4 epsps, pat, aad-1 and the phosphomannose isomerase (PMI) used as a selectable marker in the production of MIR162. MON89034 x 1507 x MIR162 x NK603 x DAS-40278-9 maize provides distinct sources for insect resistance combined with three distinct modes of herbicide tolerance: 2,4-D, glufosinate, and glyphosate. The scientific documentation provided in the application for genetically modified maize is adequate for risk assessment, and in accordance with EFSA guidance on risk assessment of genetically modified plants for use in food or feed. The VKM GMO panel does not consider the introduced modifications in event maize to imply potential specific health or environmental risks in Norway, compared to EU-countries. The EFSA opinion is adequate also for Norwegian considerations. Therefore, a full risk assessment of event MON 89034 × 1507 × MIR162 × NK603 × DAS‐40278‐9 was not performed by the VKM GMO Panel.
Forfattere
Monica Sanden Johanna Eva Bodin Nur Duale Anne-Marthe Ganes Jevnaker Ville Erling Sipinen Tage ThorstensenSammendrag
Event MIR162 is a genetically modified maize developed via Agrobacterium tumefaciens mediated transformation of maize embryos. MIR162 plants contain the transgenes vip3Aa20, a modified version of the native vip3Aa1 from Bacillus thuringiensis, and the pmi gene from Escherichia coli. Vip3Aa20 encodes the insecticidal Vip3Aa20-protein, conferring MIR162 with resistance to several species of lepidopteran (order of butterflies and moths) insect pests. Pmi encodes the enzyme phosphomannose isomerase (PMI) which catalyses the isomerization of mannose-6-phosphate to fructose-6-phosphate. PMI was used as a selectable marker during development of MIR162. The scientific documentation provided in the renewal application (EFSA-GMO-RX-025) for maize MIR162 is adequate for risk assessment, and in accordance with EFSA guidance on risk assessment of genetically modified plants for use in food or feed. The VKM GMO panel does not consider the introduced modifications in event MIR162 to imply potential specific health or environmental risks in Norway, compared to EU-countries. The EFSA opinion is adequate also for Norwegian considerations. Therefore, a full risk assessment of maize event MIR162 was not performed by the VKM GMO Panel.
Forfattere
Johanna Eva Bodin Nur Duale Anne-Marthe Ganes Jevnaker Monica Sanden Ville Erling Sipinen Tage Thorstensen Rose VikseSammendrag
The oilseed rape Ms8xRf3, developed by BASF Agricultural Solutions Seed US LLC, is a fertile hybrid tolerant to glufosinate-ammonium containing herbicides. The hybrid is derived through conventional breeding of the male sterile oilseed rape event Ms8 and the oilseed rape event Rf3, called the fertility restorer. Ms8 and Rf3 were produced by Agrobacterium tumefaciens mediated transformation of cells from a conventional oilseed cultivar. The dominant gene for male sterility in event Ms8 is barnase, and the dominant gene for fertility restoration in event Rf3 is barstar. The bar gene, conferring tolerance to glufosinateammonium, is found in both Ms8 and Rf3. The scientific documentation provided in the renewal application for the genetically modified oilseed rape events Ms8, Rf3 and Ms8 x Rf3 is adequate for risk assessment, and in accordance with EFSA guidance on risk assessment of genetically modified plants for use in food or feed. The VKM GMO panel does not consider the introduced modifications in events Ms8, Rf3 and Ms8 x Rf3 to imply potential specific health or environmental risks in Norway, compared to EU-countries.
Forfattere
Dalphy Ondine Camira Harteveld Paul Goedhart Ilse Houwers Jürgen Köhl Peter Frans de Jong Marcel WennekerSammendrag
European canker is one of the most devastating fungal diseases of apple in most temperate regions. The causal agent, Neonectria ditissima, infects trees through wounds in the bark forming cankers that girdle the stem and eventually cause tree death. Timely protection of the trees is challenged by stagnation of symptom expression after infections for a long period of time. The objective of this research is to use a novel TaqMan PCR assay to detect and quantify N. ditissima during the asymptomatic colonization of apple wood. Pruning wounds on branches of the cultivars Elstar and Gala were inoculated with N. ditissima and wood discs were sampled at 2–6, 10–14, and 30–34 mm distance from the inoculation site after 3 hours, 2 weeks, 4 weeks and 8 weeks for the detection and quantification of the pathogen. The TaqMan PCR assay detected N. ditissima in 51% of the inoculated apple tree samples. This was more sensitive than the culturing method detecting N. ditissima in 11% of the samples. An accumulation of N. ditissima DNA up to 34 mm distance from the inoculation site was observed without development of visible symptoms. To our knowledge this is the first time colonization of N. ditissima was detected and quantified in the absence of symptoms of European canker. The implications of this research are discussed.
Forfattere
Erlend Winje Tor-Arne Bjørn Inger Hansen Erling Meisingset Atilla Haugen Joachim Bernd Heppelmann Jonas Nordhaug Myhre Gabriela WagnerSammendrag
Utmarksbeitende dyr er utsatt for angrep fra fredet rovvilt. I oppdrag fra rovviltnemnda i region 6 Midt-Norge undersøker vi den mulige nytteverdien av droner i åpen kategori som forebyggende- og konfliktdempende tiltak (FKT). Utredningen er basert på informasjon fra intervjuer, faglitteratur og dronetestflygninger.Droner som FKT kan brukes under (1) tilsyn, (2) flytting av dyr fra rovdyrutsatte områder, (3) automatisk gjenkjenning og telling av dyr, (4) overvåkning av rovdyrutsatte områder, (5) kadaversøk, (6) søk av skadete eller skremte beitedyr og (7) sporing av rovdyr. Dronebruk i åpen kategori er delvis mulig for (1) – (3) så lenge dronen er innen synsrekkevidden. Slike operasjoner kan ikke skilles fra vanlig drift. Operasjoner under (4) – (7) må dekke større områder og må utføres i spesifikk kategori. Effektiviteten av slike droneoperasjoner er ukjent. Droner kan brukes i alle typer habitat ved å tilpasse sensorene for fjernmåling. Regelverket, signaldekning, vær- og lysforhold setter begrensninger. Dronesystemer i åpen kategori er lett, enkle å bruke, transportere og lade. Mer avanserte droner (<25 kg) er dyre og vanskelig å transportere og lade og brukes best i spesifikk kategori for mer varierte FKT-formål. I nær framtid kan droner f.eks. brukes til sporing av beite- og rovdyr, kadaversøk og skremming, samt innhenting av data fra elektroniske sporingsenheter på dyr. Til og med selvgående droner som rykker ut når en nødsituasjon oppstår er mulig. Effektiviteten bør testes under norske lys- og værforhold. I samsvar med en rask teknologiutvikling krever økt dronebruk i utmark økt oppmerksomhet omkring konsekvensene med hensyn til offentlig sikkerhet, personvern og ikke minst dyreliv.
Sammendrag
The maturity stage of carrot and the temperature strategy during storage are essential factors in maintaining storage quality during long-term storage. The aim of the study was to examine the effect of maturity and storage strategy on storage quality in different cultivars of carrot (Daucus carota subsp. sativus). Two cultivars, ‘Nominator’ and ‘Romance’, harvested at three different maturity levels were stored with different temperature strategies in small-scale experimental stores. The different maturity levels were obtained by different sowing dates. The study was conducted over 2 years and storage seasons in 2019-2020 and 2020-2021. The carrots were stored with three different temperature strategies with stable temperature at 0, 2 or 0°C interrupted with intervals of 2 weeks with 4°C in February and in March. After six-months storage we found that weight loss was higher (7.8%) after storage when the temperature was not stable during storage (fluctuations up to 4°C in February and March) than at stable temperatures at 0 or 2°C. The number of healthy roots after storage was highest in the most mature carrots (91%) while there were less healthy roots in the least mature roots (85%) (P<0.05). Diseases detected after storage were gray mold (Botrytis cinerea), liquorice rot (Mycocentrospora acerina), tip rot, crater rot (Fibularhizoctonia carotae), Fusarium rot (Fusarium spp.) and cavity spot (Pythium spp.). There was significantly more liquorice rot in Nominator (1.9%) than in Romance (0.6%). There was more tip rot in the least mature carrots (3.3%) compared to the other two maturity levels (1.3 and 1.5%).
Forfattere
Anne Marthe Lundby Wendy Marie Waalen Anne Kjersti Uhlen Svein Halvor Knutsen Anne-Berit WoldSammendrag
The aim was to explore the impact of temperature during seed development on yield performance and seed quality in faba bean when grown at cool temperatures representative for high latitude regions. Two varieties, an early and a medium late maturing, were grown in climate chambers with three temperature regimes (day/night temperatures of 14°C/12°C, 19°C/12°C, and 24°C/12°C) from onset of flowering to maturation. Yield components were recorded, and the accumulation of protein, starch, and low molecular weight carbohydrates including the raffinose family oligosaccharides was followed during the accumulation phase until physiological maturity. The lower temperature regimes strongly delayed pod and seed development compared with 24°C/12°C. Temperature affected the number of pods per plant for the upper node group. Plants grown at 19°C had the highest total dry seed weight compared with plants grown at 14°C and 24°C. Temperature per se did not influence the content of starch, protein, and low molecular weight carbohydrates, while their accumulation followed the moisture content in the seed, and thus the seed development stage. The content of raffinose family oligosaccharides increased sharply when the seed moisture dropped below 70% and leveled off at about 40% and 50% moisture for verbascose and stachyose, respectively, coinciding with physiological maturity. The results provide more knowledge about the seed maturation and accumulation in faba bean under low temperatures, important for cultivation under high latitude regions.
Sammendrag
Manure management is a significant source of methane (CH4) and ammonia (NH3), and there is an urgent need for strategies to reduce these emissions. More frequent export of manure for outside storage can lower gaseous emissions from housing facilities, but the longer residence time may then increase emissions during outside storage. This study examined CH4 and NH3 emissions from liquid pig manure (pig slurry) removed from the in-house slurry collection pits at three different frequencies, i.e., three times per week (T2.3), once per week (T7), or once after 40 days (T40, reference). The slurry from treatments T2.3 and T7 was transferred for outside storage weekly over four weeks, and slurry from treatment T40 once after 40 days, in connection with summer and winter production cycles with growing-finishing pigs. The slurry was stored in pilot-scale storage tanks with solid cover and continuous ventilation. Compared to T40, the treatments T2.3 and T7 increased CH4 emissions during outside storage, but in-house emissions were reduced even more, and the net effects on total CH4 emissions from manure management (housing unit and outside storage) were reductions of 18–41% in summer and 53–83% in winter. The frequent slurry export for outside storage led to more NH3 emissions, except for the treatment T2.3, which has slurry funnel inserts beneath the slatted floor. Measurements of in-vitro CH4 production rates suggested that shorter residence time for slurry in pig houses delayed the development of active methanogenic populations, and that this contributed to the reduction of CH4 emissions.
Sammendrag
NIBIO, NORSUS og Norwaste har vært involvert i et forskningsprosjekt finansiert av Handelens Miljøfond, som har tatt for seg bionedbrytbar plast og innsamlingsløsninger for matavfall i Norge. Forskerne fant at bionedbrytbar plast i svært liten grad brytes ned i biogassprosessen. Prosjektet pågikk fra juni 2022, sluttrapporten ble levert i august i år. NIBIO valgte de to mest brukte bionedbrytbare plastposene i Norge, og kjørte laboratorieforsøk der man så på nedbrytningen av disse under anaerob utråtning (biogassprosessen). Det ble først gjort forbehandling med termisk hydrolyse, og siden forsøk under såkalt termofile og mesofile forhold, altså med varmebehandling. – Vi hadde en ganske lang oppholdstid på 22 dager. Det store spørsmålet var om disse posene brytes ned under slike forhold. Det korte svaret er at det skjer i svært liten grad, sier NIBIO-forsker Claire Coutris til Biogassbransjen.no. Posene merket «hjemmekomposterbare» tapte maksimalt 33 prosent av opprinnelig vekt under termofile forhold, 55 grader. De som var markert «komposterbare i industriell kompostering» hadde et vekttap på 14-21 prosent. – Posene er nedbrytbare, men ikke under anaerob utråtning, sier Coutris. – Ved kompostering ved cirka 60 grader skal de bli borte i løpet av 6 måneder. Komposteringsprosesser foregår over mye lenger tid enn prosesser i biogassanlegg. Det var 4 prosent plast i matavfallet, som tilsvarer det man finner i faktisk produksjon, forteller Coutris. – Sannsynligvis vil det være behov for etterbehandling av biorest selv når matavfallet samles inn i bionedbrytbare poser. – Men vil det være noe problem å kjøre bioresten på jordet med bionedbrytbar plast, hvis den uansett brytes ned på sikt? – Disse posene er nedbrytbare under spesifikke forhold. Industriell kompost holder minst 60 grader i minst 4 uker. Jord holder sjelden mer enn 20 grader, og vi kan dermed ikke forvente at plasten brytes ned fort nok til at den ikke vil akkumuleres i jord. Coutris ser for seg videre forsøk hvor man kan bruke plastbitene fra forsøker i landbruksjord for å se hvor raskt de brytes ned under slike forhold.
Forfattere
Paul W. Barnes T.M. Robson R.G. Zepp J.F. Bornman M.A.K. Jansen R. Ossola Q.-W. Wang S.A. Robinson Bente Føreid A.R. Klekociuk J. Martinez-Abaigar W.-C. Hou R. MacKenzie N.D. PaulSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag