Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2025
Sammendrag
Accurately predicting whether pedestrians will cross in front of an autonomous vehicle is essential for ensuring safe and comfortable maneuvers. However, developing models for this task remains challenging due to the limited availability of diverse datasets containing both crossing (C) and non-crossing (NC) scenarios. Therefore, we propose a procedure that leverages synthetic videos with C/NC labels and an untrained model whose architecture is designed for C/NC prediction to automatically produce C/NC labels for a set of real-world videos. Thus, this procedure performs a synth-to-real unsupervised domain adaptation for C/NC prediction, so we term it S2R-UDA-CP. To assess the effectiveness of S2R-UDA-CP in self-labeling, we utilize two state-of-the-art models, PedGNN and ST-CrossingPose, and we rely on the publicly-available PedSynth dataset, which consists of synthetic videos with C/NC labels. Notably, once the real-world videos are self-labeled, they can be used to train models different from those used in S2R-UDA-CP. These models are designed to operate onboard a vehicle, whereas S2R-UDA-CP is an offline procedure. To evaluate the quality of the C/NC labels generated by S2R-UDA-CP, we also employ PedGraph+ (another literature referent) as it is not used in S2R-UDA-CP. Overall, the results show that training models to predict C/NC using videos labeled by S2R-UDA-CP achieves performance even better than models trained on human-labeled data. Our study also highlights different discrepancies between automatic and human labeling. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to evaluate synth-to-real self-labeling for C/NC prediction.
Forfattere
Shaohui Zhang Poul Erik Lærke Mathias Neumann Andersen Junxiang Peng Esben Øster Mortensen Johannes Wilhelmus Maria Pullens Sheng Wang Klaus Steenberg Larsen Davide Cammarano Uffe Jørgensen Kiril ManevskiSammendrag
Under optimal growth conditions, net primary productivity (NPP) is a product of intercepted photosynthetic active radiation (Ipar) and maximum radiation use efficiency (RUEmax; conversion of Ipar to biomass). The objective of this study was to improve and validate the RUEmax-based Carnegie-Ames-Stanford Approach (CASA) for the determination of grassland NPP by canopy multispectral reflectance collected at field (handheld sensor) and airborne (UAV) scale considering environmental constraints. The analysis was based on multi-year field experiments on sandy loam soil in Denmark, measured shoot and estimated root biomass to calculate NPP, long-term meteorological data, and daily NPP estimated from CO2 flux chamber measurements for deriving environmental constraints. The results derived from CO2 flux data showed that NPP and plant respiration were higher in the middle of the season before the second harvest when temperature was also high. The daily maximum air temperature optimal for grass biomass production was 16.5 °C. The improved CASA model built in this study was accurate for modeling NPP at both daily (nRMSE decrease of 9 %) and seasonal (nRMSE decrease of 8–34 %) scales when considering the best environmental constraints such as maximum air temperature, vapor pressure deficit, cloudiness, and water stress, compared to no constraints. Maximum air temperature and water stress were the most important environmental constraints to the grass RUEmax. Seasonal RUEmax for modeling NPP after considering best environmental constraints was 1.9–2.7 g C MJ−1 for ryegrass and 1.9–2.2 g C MJ−1 for grass-legume mixture using the two remote sensors for measuring spectral reflectance. Over the whole growing season, tall fescue (3.1 g C MJ−1) and festulolium (2.9 g C MJ−1) obtained higher RUEmax than perennial ryegrass (2.3 g C MJ−1). This study highlights the practical implications of using the CASA model improved by maximum temperature and water stress functions for real-time, remote sensing-based assessments of grassland productivity.
Sammendrag
Environmental observation networks, such as AmeriFlux, are foundational for monitoring ecosystem response to climate change, management practices, and natural disturbances; however, their effectiveness depends on their representativeness for the regions or continents. We proposed an empirical, time series approach to quantify the similarity of ecosystem fluxes across AmeriFlux sites. We extracted the diel and seasonal characteristics (i.e., amplitudes, phases) from carbon dioxide, water vapor, energy, and momentum fluxes, which reflect the effects of climate, plant phenology, and ecophysiology on the observations, and explored the potential aggregations of AmeriFlux sites through hierarchical clustering. While net radiation and temperature showed latitudinal clustering as expected, flux variables revealed a more uneven clustering with many small (number of sites < 5), unique groups and a few large (> 100) to intermediate (15–70) groups, highlighting the significant ecological regulations of ecosystem fluxes. Many identified unique groups were from under-sampled ecoregions and biome types of the International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme (IGBP), with distinct flux dynamics compared to the rest of the network. At the finer spatial scale, local topography, disturbance, management, edaphic, and hydrological regimes further enlarge the difference in flux dynamics within the groups. Nonetheless, our clustering approach is a data-driven method to interpret the AmeriFlux network, informing future cross-site syntheses, upscaling, and model-data benchmarking research. Finally, we highlighted the unique and underrepresented sites in the AmeriFlux network, which were found mainly in Hawaii and Latin America, mountains, and at under- sampled IGBP types (e.g., urban, open water), motivating the incorporation of new/unregistered sites from these groups.
Forfattere
Marit Skuterud VennatrøSammendrag
Korncystenematoder er vanlige skadegjørere i korn, som trives spesielt godt der det drives ensidig vekstskifte. Den vanligste arten i Norge er havrecystenematode (Heterodera avenae). Havrecystenematode er påvist i forbindelse med skade i havre, vårhvete, bygg, rug og mais, mens rugcystenematoden i tillegg kan gjøre skade i høstkorn om høsten.
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Arne Verstraeten Andreas Schmitz Bernd Ahrends Nicholas Clarke Wim de Vries Karin Hansen Char Hilgers Carmen Iacoban Tamara Jakovljevic Per Erik Karlsson Till Kirchner Aldo Marchetto Henning Meesenburg Gunilla Pihl Karlsson Anne-Katrin Prescher Anne Thimonier Peter WaldnerSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Niklas Lönnell Kristian Hassel Irina Goldberg Sanna Huttunen Ágúst H. Bjarnason Hans Blom Tomas Hallingbäck Lars Hedenäs Torbjørn Høitomt Kati Pihlaja Tommy Prestø Kimmo Syrjänen Lars Söderström Tauno Ulvinen Henrik WeibullSammendrag
We present an updated checklist for all bryophyte species known to occur in the Nordic countries and list occurrences for each taxon from Iceland, the Faroe Islands, Denmark, Svalbard, Jan Mayen, Norway (mainland), Sweden and Finland. Altogether 1276 bryophyte species are included for the region. The checklist includes vernacular names in Icelandic, Danish, Norwegian, Swedish and Finnish. The following new nomenclatural combinations are proposed: Scapania scandica var. parvifolia comb. nov., Andreaea alpina var. hartmanii comb. nov., Didymodon islandicus comb. nov., Ephemerum serratum var. stoloniferum comb. nov., Hygroamblystegium varium var. fluviatile comb. nov., Hygroamblystegium varium var. tenax comb. nov., Ptychostomum arcticum var. purpurascens comb. nov., Ptychostomum intermedium var. nitidulum comb. nov. and Ptychostomum warneum var. mamillatum comb. nov.
Forfattere
Stein Joar Hegland Hedda Victoria Barfod Ørbæk Bjørn Arild Hatteland Aud Helen Halbritter Mark Andrew Kusk GillespieSammendrag
Plant dependence on pollinator-aided reproduction may decrease with colder andmore unstable climates, for example at higher elevations. Correspondingly, plant pop-ulations may also be more pollen limited in alpine than in lowlands or under moreoptimal conditions. However, such expectations have largely been investigated acrossspecies, and rarely among populations within a species. The findings of such stud-ies may have implications for predictions of plant sexual reproduction in a changingclimate. We combined a bagging experiment of Vaccinium myrtillus (bilberry) flowerswith a supplemental pollen experiment at three sites along an elevational gradient at100, 500 and 900 m a.s.l. in a mild boreal climate, by the Sognefjord, Norway. Ourgoal was to investigate the variation in reproductive success and pollen limitation ina functionally important plant species, V. myrtillus, and to test whether the outcomesmay be dependent on insect flower visitation and climatic context (i.e. temperaturerelated to elevation). Our experimental treatments clearly affected reproductive suc-cess of V. myrtillus. Bagging of flowers reduced the fruit set close to zero, whereassupplemental pollination resulted in 30% higher fruit set. However, fruit set effectsappeared to be independent of elevation in the current study. Total number of seedswas highest at the optimal mid-site location, but here the proportion of mature seedswas also lowest. Our results clearly showed that the reproductive success of V. myrtillusdepends on pollinator visitation and benefits from extra pollen supply, but that theseeffects appeared to be independent of the climatic context
Forfattere
Christophe Moni Eva Farkas Claire Coutris Hanna Marika Silvennoinen Anders Aas Marit Almvik Liang Wang Kathinka Lang Liu Xingang Marianne StenrødSammendrag
Biochar and pesticides are likely to be increasingly used in combination in agricultural soils, yet their combined effects on climate change mitigation remain unexplored. This study presents an 8-month incubation experiment with different soil types (silt loam and sandy loam), biochars (corncob and corn stem), and pesticides (with and without a pesticide mixture), during which CO2 production from soil organic matter (SOM) and biochar mineralisation was monitored using isotopic methods. A comprehensive modelling approach, describing all mineralisation results over the entire incubation with a reduced set of parameters, was employed to isolate the effects of biochar, pesticides, and their interactions across soil types and carbon pools, and captured the dynamic effect of biochar on SOM mineralisation. Over 99.5% of biochars remained inert after 8 months, confirming the role of biochar as a carbon sequestration technology. Biochar addition showed higher SOM stabilisation potential in soil with high clay content compared to soil with low clay content. This suggests that biochar amendment should be considered carefully in clay-depleted soils, as it could result in a loss of native SOM. Corn stem biochar, characterised by high surface area and low C/N ratio, demonstrated higher SOM stabilisation potential than corncob biochar with low surface area and high C/N ratio. Pesticide application reduced SOM mineralisation by 10% regardless of soil and biochar types. Finally, the interaction between corncob biochar and pesticides further reduced SOM mineralisation by 5%, while no interactive effect was observed with corn stem biochar. These findings highlight the importance of considering biochar-pesticide interactions when evaluating the impact of biochar amendments on native SOM stability.
Forfattere
Chi Wu Yuzhu Wang Jihong Liu Clarke Hang Su Liang Wang Olga A. Glazunova Konstantin V. Moiseenko Lan Zhang Liangang Mao Lizhen Zhu Xingang LiuSammendrag
Owing to wide application and persistence, fluridone has demonstrated side-effects on non-target plants and aquatic organisms. This study investigated the potential of biochar as remediation in soil using rice hull biochar (BCR) produced at different temperatures and in four types of soil. The results indicated that, with increasing pyrolytic temperature from 300 to 700 ºC, biochar properties changed, for example, specific surface area values increased from 38.21 to 126.12 m2 g−1. Sorption affinity (Kf) of BCR ranged from 409 to 1352 and 1301 to 6666 (μg/g)/(mg/L)n for fluridone and its metabolite fluridone acid respectively. After amendment with 2% BCR500, fluridone and fluridone acid could easily be adsorbed in different types of soils, and Kf values were 1.30–3.73 times higher than those in pure soil. Half-lives values varied between different soils and fluridone acid (179–306 days) persisted significantly longer than fluridone (39–179 days) in soil. After amendment with 2% BCR500, fluridone and fluridone acid were degraded faster. Experiments under sterilized conditions demonstrated biodegradation to be the dominant process in unamended (61.59%–64.70%) and amended (67.71%–77.67%) soil. Bioinformatic analysis showed that fluridone reduced the diversity of the soil microbial community, but the abundance of microorganisms with degradation function increased and these became dominant species after BCR was added, particularly with higher numbers of degrading bacteria like Lysobacter, Pseudonocardia and Sphingomonas. Co-occurrences also revealed that BCR tightened bacterial connection and relieved fluridone stress. This work helps us better understand these processes and optimize the application of biochar for reducing pesticide contamination in agricultural soils.