Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2021
Sammendrag
Mattilsynet har i samarbeid med NIBIO undersøkt nivåene av visse naturlige giftstoffer (plantetoksiner) for å få mer data og kunnskap om nivåene i utvalgte matvarer. Dette gjelder plantetoksinene tropane alkaloider i kornbasert mat og urtete, og pyrrolizidin alkaloider i te og urtete. I 2019 fant vi tropane alkaloider i form av atropin i 2 av 10 frokostblandinger og atropin og skopolamin i 1 av 5 urtete. Funnet var over den foreslåtte grenseverdien for tropane alkaloider i urtete. Det ble påvist pyrrolizidin alkaloider i 9 av 15 prøver av te og urtete. En av urteteene (merket ammete) hadde nivåer over den grenseverdien som nylig ble fastsatt for pyrrolizidin alkaloider i urtete i 2021. I 2020 ble det påvist tropane alkaloider i form av skopolamin i 2 av 5 prøver maismel, og pyrrolizidin alkaloider ble påvist i 18 av 25 prøver av urtete. Ingen av prøvene hadde nivåer over den foreslåtte grenseverdien for tropane alkaloider i maismel eller over grenseverdien som nylig ble fastsatt for pyrrolizidin alkaloider i urtete i 2021. Der det er gitt grenseverdier for disse giftstoffene i mat vil resultatene bli fulgt opp overfor selger av produktene og inngå i den offentlige kontrollen av reguleringen på matområdet. Der det ikke er gitt grenseverdier, vil resultatene bidra inn i kunnskapsgrunnlaget for vurdering av ny regulering av disse giftstoffene i mat.
Sammendrag
Utredningen av utviklingsmuligheter og samarbeidsløsninger for norske planteskoler viser at planteskolene utgjøre en liten hagebruksnæring med stadig færre produsenter. Vi ser også at kundemarkedet til planteskolene i stor grad er i vekst og viser attraktive utviklingsmuligheter. Dersom planteskoleprodusentene skal dra nytte av dette bør det utvikles gode fellesløsninger. For mer informasjon, se eget sammendrag.
Forfattere
Venche TalgøSammendrag
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Forfattere
Selamawit Araya Kidane Solveig Haukeland Beira H. Meressa Anne Kathrine Hvoslef-Eide Danny L. CoyneSammendrag
Enset (Ensete ventricosum), is a perennial herbaceous plant belonging to the family Musaceae, along with banana and plantain. Despite wild populations occurring in eastern, central and southern Africa, it is only in Ethiopia that the crop has been domesticated, where it is culturally and agriculturally symbolic as a food security crop. Although an under-researched orphan crop, enset serves as a staple food for about 20% of the Ethiopian population, comprising more than 20 million people, demonstrating its value in the country. Similar to banana and plantain, enset is heavily affected by plant-parasitic nematodes, with recent studies indicating record levels of infection by the root lesion nematode Pratylenchus goodeyi. Enset is propagated vegetatively using suckers that are purposely initiated from the mother corm. However, while banana and plantain suckers have proven to be a key source of nematode infection and spread, knowledge on the infection levels and role of enset suckers in nematode dissemination is lacking. Given the high levels of plant-parasitic nematodes reported in previous surveys, it is therefore speculated that planting material may act as a key source of nematode dissemination. To address this lack of information, we assessed enset planting material in four key enset growing zones in Ethiopia. A total of 340 enset sucker samples were collected from farmers and markets and analyzed for the presence of nematodes. Nematodes were extracted using a modified Baermann method over a period of 48 h. The root lesion nematode P. goodeyi was present in 100% of the samples, at various levels of infection. These conclusive results show that planting material is indeed a key source of nematode infection in enset, hence measures taken to ensure clean suckers for planting will certainly mitigate nematode infection and spread. The effect of nematode infection on yield and quality on enset remains to be investigated and would be a way forward to complement the nematode/disease studies conducted so far and add valuable knowledge to the current poorly known impact of pests and diseases.
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Forfattere
Pia Heltoft Thomsen Gudni Thorvaldsson Anne Mette Dahl Jensen Tatsiana Espevig Karin Juul Hesselsøe Wendy Marie Waalen Torben Kastrup Petersen Trond Olav Pettersen Jan Tangsveen Per Sørensen Tania Gneist Bjarni Hannesson Kristine Sundsdal Trygve S. AamlidSammendrag
Seed mixtures with a nurse grass that germinates quickly at low soil temperatures can be an option for faster establishment of Agrostis stolonifera (AS) putting greens after winter damage. From 2015 to 2018 Poa trivialis (PT) ‘Dark Horse’ and Lolium perenne (LP) ‘Chardin’ were evaluated as nurse grasses in comparison with pure AS ‘Independence’ at two experimental sites in each of the two major climatic zones of the Nordic countries. Poa annua (PA) ‘Two‐Putt’ was also included as a nurse grass in the northern zone. As an overall trend, establishment was faster with AS+LP than with AS+PT and AS+PA, which in turn had faster establishment than pure AS. In the northern zone, AS+PT produced better turf quality than pure AS in the seeding year and year after and tended to be superior even on average for the entire trial period (mean value 6.0 vs. 5.8 for pure AS, 5.3 for AS+LP, and 4.6 for AS+PA; scale 1–9 where 9 is the highest quality). In the same zone, AS+PT also suffered less overall winter damage than the other combinations and was less infected with microdochium patch than pure AS. In the southern zone, PT and especially LP were far more persistent than in the northern zone and compromised turfgrass quality compared with pure AS. In conclusion, we recommend PT as a nurse grass for faster establishment of AS putting in the northern zone, but not in the southern zone where AS should rather be seeded in a pure stand.