Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2021
Sammendrag
Undersøkelsen av kunstsnø ble gjennomført fordi vi tidligere har påvist flere Phytophthora-arter i og nært Sørkedalselva som brukes som vannkilde for produksjon av kunstsnø; P. cryptogea, P.gonapodyides, P. lacustris, P. plurivora, P. rosaecearum, P. taxon raspberry and P. uniformis. Man fryktet at snøen kunne spre smitte av Phytophthora til skianlegg i Oslo-området via små partikler fra jord og planter, men smitte via svermesporer var utelukket på grunn av lav temperatur i vannet. Phytophthora ble påvist med en hurtigtest av en grannål fra grovfilteret til en snøkanon, men ikke ved isolering fra finmaska filter som den smelta snøen ble filtrert gjennom. En DNA-analyse av filtrene som vannprøvene ble sugd gjennom, noe som er en mer sensetiv metode enn isolering på agar, ga heller ikke utslag for Phytophthora.
Sammendrag
I 2020 ble både brunørret og biofilter fra et settefiskanlegg i Sørkedalen undersøkt for Phytophthora. Dette ble gjort fordi vi hadde påvist flere Phytophthora-arter i Sørkedalsvassdraget som tidligere ble brukt som vannkilde i anlegget, og det ble funnet P. lacustris i vannet i en av fiskekummene på uteområdet. Man fryktet derfor at fisken kunne være en potensiell kilde til spredning av Phytophthora til vassdrag i Nordmarka og andre steder. Prøvene i 2020 ble tatt ut etter at hele produksjon var flyttet innendørs med bruk av kommunalt vann. Vi brukte både klassiske mikrobiologiske metoder og DNA-analyse, men det ble ikke påvist Phytophthora i prøvene.
Forfattere
Eva Narten HøbergSammendrag
Svineribbe, pinnekjøtt eller lutefisk? Dette er julemat som produseres på svært ulike ressurser. Ribbe av sau er derfor eldre enn ribbe av svin. Som julaftensmat står likevel lutefisken i en særstilling. Hvorfor er det slik?
Forfattere
Irina Orestovna Averkina Muhammad Harris Edward Ohene Asare Bérénice Hourdin Ivan Paponov Cathrine LilloSammendrag
Background PROTEIN PHOSPHATASE 2A (PP2A) expression is crucial for the symbiotic association between plants and various microbes, and knowledge on these symbiotic processes is important for sustainable agriculture. Here we tested the hypothesis that PP2A regulatory subunits, especially B’φ and B’θ, are involved in signalling between plants and mycorrhizal fungi or plant-growth promoting bacteria. Results Treatment of tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum) with the plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) Azospirillum brasilense and Pseudomonas simiae indicated a role for the PP2A B’θ subunit in responses to PGPR. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi influenced B’θ transcript levels in soil-grown plants with canonical arbuscular mycorrhizae. In plant roots, transcripts of B’φ were scarce under all conditions tested and at a lower level than all other PP2A subunit transcripts. In transformed tomato plants with 10-fold enhanced B’φ expression, mycorrhization frequency was decreased in vermiculite-grown plants. Furthermore, the high B’φ expression was related to abscisic acid and gibberellic acid responses known to be involved in plant growth and mycorrhization. B’φ overexpressor plants showed less vigorous growth, and although fruits were normal size, the number of seeds per fruit was reduced by 60% compared to the original cultivar. Conclusions Expression of the B’θ gene in tomato roots is strongly influenced by beneficial microbes. Analysis of B’φ overexpressor tomato plants and established tomato cultivars substantiated a function of B’φ in growth and development in addition to a role in mycorrhization. Keywords: Abscisic acid, Azospirillum brasilense, Funneliformis mosseae, Gibberellin, Mycorrhiza, PP2A, PGPR, Pseudomonas simiae, Rhizophagus irregularis, Tomato
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Kemeng Xiao Karin Juul Hesselsøe Christer Magnusson Tatsiana Espevig Trond Olav Pettersen Trygve S. AamlidSammendrag
In 2018–2019, establishment problems were encountered, after reseeding creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera) on a sand-based putting green after ice encasement at the NIBIO Turfgrass Research Center, Norway. Seeds germinated, but the seedlings attained a purple color and died in large patches. Replacement of the top 3 cm layer with new sand amended with Sphagnum peat or garden compost did not solve the problem. To explain this phenomenon, we (1) analyzed the original substrate for nematodes in patches with and without reestablishment failure; and (2) conducted a factorial pot trial with creeping bentgrass and Chewings fescue (Festuca rubra ssp. commutata) seeded on different substrates, some of them in layers, and with and without phosphorus (P) fertilization. The nematode counts showed six times more stubby-root nematodes and two times more spiral nematodes and needle nematodes in the patches with dead seedlings than in the patches with healthy seedings. In the pot trial, the fastest and slowest reestablishment was observed with new sand amended with garden compost and in the two treatments that included the original substrate, respectively. Replacement of the top 3 cm of the old substrate with new garden compost resulted in stagnation of bentgrass seedlings from four weeks after seeding, while fescue seedlings were unaffected. We conclude that the failure to reestablish creeping bentgrass was primarily due to nematodes, which are likely to be more critical for seedlings than for established turf. The green was later reestablished successfully with a 100 % red fescue seed blend.
Sammendrag
Aquaculture has undergone rapid development in the past decades. It provides a large part of high-quality protein food for humans, and thus, a sustainable aquaculture industry is of great importance for the worldwide food supply and economy. Along with the quick expansion of aquaculture, the high fish densities employed in fish farming increase the risks of outbreaks of a variety of aquatic diseases. Such diseases not only cause huge economic losses, but also lead to ecological hazards in terms of pathogen spread to marine ecosystems causing infection of wild fish and polluting the environment. Thus, fish health is essential for the aquaculture industry to be environmentally sustainable and a prerequisite for intensive aquaculture production globally. The wide use of antibiotics and drug residues has caused intensive pollution along with risks for food safety and increasing antimicrobial resistance. Vaccination is the most effective and environmentally friendly approach to battle infectious diseases in aquaculture with minimal ecological impact and is applicable to most species of farmed fish. However, there are only 34 fish vaccines commercially available globally to date, showing the urgent need for further development of fish vaccines to manage fish health and ensure food safety. Plant genetic engineering has been utilized to produce genetically modified crops with desirable characteristics and has also been used for vaccine production, with several advantages including cost-effectiveness, safety when compared with live virus vaccines, and plants being capable of carrying out posttranslational modifications that are similar to naturally occurring systems. So far, plant-derived vaccines, antibodies, and therapeutic proteins have been produced for human and animal health. However, the development of plant-made vaccines for animals, especially fish, is still lagging behind the development of human vaccines. The present review summarizes the development of fish vaccines currently utilized and the suitability of the plant-production platform for fish vaccine and then addresses considerations regarding fish vaccine production in plants. Developing fish vaccines by way of plant biotechnology are significant for the aquaculture industry, fish health management, food safety, and human health.
Forfattere
Arne SteffenremSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Gunnhild SøgaardSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag