Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2016
Forfattere
Siv Aarnes Camilla Tobiassen Henrik Brøseth Beate Banken Bakke Hans Geir Eiken Snorre HagenSammendrag
Det nasjonale overvåkningsprogrammet for rovvilt i Norge har i 2015 samlet inn prøver med antatt opphav fra brunbjørn (Ursus arctos) for syvende år på rad. Totalt ble det samlet inn 1 293 prøver i 2015 (860 ekskrementprøver, 422 hårprøver, 10 vevsprøver og 1 blodprøve). Av disse prøvene var 57 % positive for brunbjørn, og det ble påvist 128 ulike bjørner, hvorav 53 hunnbjørner og 75 hannbjørner. Dette er en reduksjon sammenlignet med forrige år da det ble påvist 54 hunnbjørner og 82 hannbjørner, og er også det laveste antallet registrert de siste syv årene. Over samme periode har andelen hunnbjørner økt, og var i 2015 andelen økt til 41 %. Beregninger av antall ynglinger i samme periode ligger relativt stabilt på ca. 6 ynglinger. Som tidligere år er forekomsten av brunbjørn i hovedsak konsentrert i fylkene Finnmark (49), Hedmark (43) og Nord-Trøndelag (19). Av det totale antallet i 2015 er 70 %( 89 individer) tidligere påvist i Norge, noe som utgjør omtrent samme gjenfunnsandel som forrige år.
Forfattere
Tessa Bargmann Einar Heegaard Bjørn Arild Hatteland Joseph Chipperfield John-Arvid GrytnesSammendrag
1. Fire is a widespread management practice used in the maintenance of European heathland. Frequent prescribed burns in small patches have been shown to benefit carabid communities; however, how fire favours specific life-history traits is poorly understood. 2. In this study, we identify characteristic species of the successional stages within heathlands, and find the traits which are characteristic of species in burnt areas versus areas dominated by older heath stands. 3. We identify 10 species as indicator species for heathland in the pioneer stage (0–5 years old); Amara lunicollis, Bembidion lampros, Calathus fuscipes, Carabus problematicus, Cicindela campestris, Nebria salina, Notiophilus aquaticus, Poecilus cupreus, P. lepidus and P. versicolor. Dyschirius globosus is identified as an indicator for the building stage (6–14 years old), and Carabus violaceus as an indicator for the mature stage (15–25 years old). 4. Moisture preference and diet are identified as traits that determine species response to prescribed fire. Collembolan specialists and species with no moisture preference are shown to be most abundant in burnt patches, whereas generalist predators and species with a high moisture preference are less tolerant of fire. 5. Knowledge of species sorting along a prescribed fire gradient can provide valuable information for heathland conservation.
Sammendrag
Nøkkeltall fra 2015 om de bevaringsverdige storferasene viser at alle, så nær som en, har en økning i antall avlskyr det siste året. Vestlandsk raudkolle har en nedgang på 5 % som er alvorlig for en kritisk truet rase. Tall fra søknad om produksjonstilskudd viser at av de som får tilskudd til bevaringsverdige storferaser er det ca 30 % som får tilskudd til økologisk husdyrproduksjon og 80 % som får tilskudd til bruk av utmarksbeite. Tilsvarende tall for landsgjennomsnittet er hhv 4 % og 50 %.
Redaktører
Jannes Stolte Mehreteab Tesfai Lillian Øygarden Sigrun Hjalmarsdottir Kværnø Jacob Keizer Frank Verheijen Panos Panagos Cristiano Ballabio Rudi HesselSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Yngve RekdalSammendrag
Norsk institutt for bioøkonomi utførte sommaren 2015 vegetasjonskartlegging i Kvikne vestfjell i Tynset kommune. Samla areal var 137 km². Kartlegginga er gjort etter instruks for kartlegging i målestokk 1:20 000 - 50 000 (VK50). Det er laga vegetasjonskart og 2 avleia temakart for beite for sau og storfe. Denne rapporten beskriv metode for kartlegging, registrerte vegetasjonstypar og deira fordeling i området. Det er gjeve ein omtale av beiteverdi og beitekapasitet, samt nokre råd kring skjøtsel av kulturlandskap og beite i kartområdet.
Forfattere
K. Lewis Carola Grebitus Rudolfo M. Jr. NaygaSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
Copper in low natural concentrations is essential for cell metabolism but in excess it becomes extremely toxic to aquatic life, including to the early life stages of marine macroalgae. This work determined the effects of copper exposure on meiospore development of two kelp species, the native Macrocystis pyrifera and invasive Undaria pinnatifida. After settlement, meiospores were exposed to nominal copper concentrations of control (no added copper), 100, 200, 300 and 400 μg L−1 Cu for 9 days. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry of total dissolved copper (CuT) concentrations in the blanks showed that nominal copper concentrations were reduced to 54, 91, 131 and 171 μg L−1 CuT, respectively, indicating that > 50% of the dissolved copper was adsorbed onto the culture vessel walls. In the media with meiospores, the dissolved copper concentrations decreased to 39, 86, 97 and 148 μg L−1 CuT in M. pyrifera and to 39, 65, 97 and 146 μg L−1 CuT in U. pinnatifida, indicating that 6–15% of the dissolved copper was adsorbed by the cells. For both species, meiospores germinated in all copper treatments, with germination decreasing with increasing copper concentration. However, gametophyte growth and sexual differentiation were arrested under all copper treatments. The effective copper concentration causing 50% of arrested germination (Cu-EC50) was 157 and 231 μg L−1 CuT for M. pyrifera and U. pinnatifida, respectively. The higher Cu-EC50 for U. pinnatifida suggests ecological success for the invasive species in copper-polluted environments; however, the subsequent inhibition of gametogenesis under all copper treatments indicated no difference in copper tolerance between both kelp early life stages. We compare our results with the literature available on the effects of copper on the development of early life stages of brown seaweed (Laminariales and Fucales) and discuss the importance of reporting actual experimental dissolved copper concentrations and the necessity of standardizing the response variables measured in macroalgal copper ecotoxicology.
Sammendrag
The present study aims to develop biologically sound and parsimonious site index models for Norway to predict changes in site index (SI) under different climatic conditions. The models are constructed using data from the Norwegian National Forest Inventory and climate data from the Norwegian meteorological institute. Site index was modeled using the potential modifier functional form, with a potential component (POT) depending on site quality classes and two modifier components (MOD): temperature and moisture. Each of these modifiers was based on a portfolio of candidate variables. The best model for spruce-dominated stands included temperature as modifier (R2 = 0.56). In the case of pine- and deciduous-dominated stands, the best models included both modifiers (R2 = 0.40 and 0.54 for temperature and moisture, respectively). We illustrate the use of the models by analyzing the possible shift in SI for year 2100 under one (RCP4.5) of the benchmark scenarios adopted by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change for its fifth assessment report. The models presented can be valuable for evaluating the effect of climate change scenarios in Norwegian forests.
Forfattere
Vibeke Vandrup Martens Ove Bergersen Michel Vorenhout Paula Utigard Sandvik Jørgen HollesenSammendrag
This paper presents archaeological observations and results of palaeoecological and geochemical analyses of archaeological deposits from two rural sites in northernmost Norway. These are combined with climate data and the first period of continuous monitoring of soil temperature, moisture and redox potential in sections. This data constitutes the basic research material for evaluations of conservation state and preservation conditions. The data has been collected in collaboration between the partners of a cross disciplinary project. This is an important Norwegian research initiative on monitoring of rural archaeological deposits and the results have consequences for heritage management of a large number of sites from all periods. Palaeoecological analyses and redox measurements have revealed ongoing decay that might not otherwise have been detected. Decay studies indicate that both site types may be at risk with the predicted climate change. Some mitigating acts are suggested.