Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2024
Forfattere
Xia Wang Dawei Chen Mengnan Guo Yao Ning Mingze Geng Jing Guo Jiahui Gao Dong Zhao Yupeng Zhang Qianpeng Li Lixiang Li Shiyang Li Yanqing Li Xiaoran Xie Xiuli Zuo Jingxin LiSammendrag
Colon cancer is increasing worldwide and is commonly regarded as hormone independent, yet recent reports have implicated sex hormones in its development. Nevertheless, the role of hormones from the hypothalamus–hypophysis axis in colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CAC) remains uncertain. In this study, we observed a significant reduction in the expression of the oxytocin receptor (OXTR) in colon samples from both patient with colitis and patient with CAC. To investigate further, we generated mice with an intestinal-epithelium-cell-specific knockout of OXTR. These mice exhibited markedly increased susceptibility to dextran-sulfate-sodium-induced colitis and dextran sulfate sodium/azoxymethane-induced CAC compared to wild-type mice. Our findings indicate that OXTR depletion impaired the inner mucus of the colon epithelium. Mechanistically, oxytocin was found to regulate Mucin 2 maturation through β1-3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 7 (B3GNT7)-mediated fucosylation. Interestingly, we observed a positive correlation between B3GNT7 expression and OXTR expression in human colitis and CAC colon samples. Moreover, the simultaneous activations of OXTR and fucosylation by l-fucose significantly alleviated tumor burden. Hence, our study unveils oxytocin’s promising potential as an affordable and effective therapeutic intervention for individuals affected by colitis and CAC.
Forfattere
Pascal Milesi Chedly Kastally Benjamin Dauphin Sandra Cervantes Francesca Bagnoli Katharina B. Budde Stephen Cavers Bruno Fady Patricia Faivre-Rampant Santiago C. González-Martínez Delphine Grivet Felix Gugerli Véronique Jorge Isabelle Lesur Kupin Dario Isidro Ojeda Alayon Sanna Olsson Lars Opgenoorth Sara Pinosio Christophe Plomion Christian Rellstab Odile Rogier Simone Scalabrin Ivan Scotti Giovanni G. Vendramin Marjana Westergren Martin Lascoux Tanja PyhäjärviSammendrag
The effect of past environmental changes on the demography and genetic diversity of natural populations remains a contentious issue and has rarely been investigated across multiple, phylogenetically distant species. Here, we perform comparative population genomic analyses and demographic inferences for seven widely distributed and ecologically contrasting European forest tree species based on concerted sampling of 164 populations across their natural ranges. For all seven species, the effective population size, Ne, increased or remained stable over many glacial cycles and up to 15 million years in the most extreme cases. Surprisingly, the drastic environmental changes associated with the Pleistocene glacial cycles have had little impact on the level of genetic diversity of dominant forest tree species, despite major shifts in their geographic ranges. Based on their trajectories of Ne over time, the seven tree species can be divided into three major groups, highlighting the importance of life history and range size in determining synchronous variation in genetic diversity over time. Altogether, our results indicate that forest trees have been able to retain their evolutionary potential over very long periods of time despite strong environmental changes.
Forfattere
Monica Sanden Eirill Ager-Wick Johanna Eva Bodin Nur Duale Anne-Marthe Ganes Jevnaker Kristian Prydz Ville Erling Sipinen Volha Shapaval Tage ThorstensenSammendrag
Vitenskapskomiteen for mat og miljø (VKM) har vurdert en søknad om godkjenning av den genmodifiserte maisen MON 95275. Maisen er søkt godkjent til import, videreforedling og til bruk som mat og fôr i EU-området. I et løpende oppdrag fra Mattilsynet og Miljødirektoratet, vurderer VKM om genmodifiserte organismer og prosessert mat og fôr fra disse kan utgjøre en risiko for helse og miljø. EUs forordning 1829/2003/EF (Forordningen) omfatter både genmodifiserte organismer (levende), som faller inn under den norske genteknologiloven, og genmodifisert, prosessert mat og fôr (dødt materiale avledet fra GMO) som faller inn under den norske matloven. Forordningen er i dag ikke en del av EØS-avtalen eller norsk rett. Norge vurderer søknadene som en forberedelse til at forordningen eventuelt implementeres. VKM vurderer søknader både i den vitenskapelige høringsperioden, som den europeiske myndighet for næringsmiddeltrygghet (EFSA) gjennomfører, og i perioden fra EFSA har offentliggjort en risikovurdering og til EUs medlemsland stemmer for eller imot godkjenning av den genmodifiserte organismen i kommisjonen. VKMs oppdraget er delt inn i tre trinn. (lenke oppdragsbrev) Mais MON 95275 MON 95275 er en genmodifisert mais utviklet ved transformasjon av planteceller ved hjelp av Agrobacterium tumefaciens. MON 95275 uttrykker transgenene mpp75Aa1.1 og vpb4Da2, som henholdsvis koder for proteinene Mpp75Aa1.1 (Cry) og Vpb4Da2 (Vip), og et dobbelt-trådet RNA transkript DvSnf7. Transgenene gjør MON 95275 resistent mot enkelte planteskadegjørere i insektordenen Coleoptera (biller). Den vitenskapelige dokumentasjonen i søknaden for mais MON 95275 er dekkende for risikovurdering, og i samsvar med EFSAs retningslinjer for risikovurdering av genmodifiserte planter til bruk i mat eller fôr. De genetiske endringene i mais MON 95275 tilsier ingen økt helse- eller miljørisiko i Norge sammenlignet med EU-land. EFSAs risikovurdering er dermed tilstrekkelig også for norske forhold. Ettersom det ikke har blitt identifisert særnorske forhold vedrørende mais MON 95275, har VKMs GMO panel ikke utført en fullstendig risikovurdering. Om oppdraget: I trinn 1 skal VKM, i forbindelse med EFSAs vitenskapelige høring av GMO-søknader, vurdere helse- og miljørisiko ved den genmodifiserte organismen og dens avledete produkter. VKM skal gjennomgå den vitenskapelige dokumentasjonen som søker har sendt inn og evt. gi innspill til EFSA. VKM skal også vurdere: i) om det er særnorske forhold som vil kunne gi andre risikoer i Norge enn de som er omtalt i søknaden, ii) om norsk kosthold kan gi en økt helserisiko for befolkningen i Norge ved en eventuell godkjenning, sammenliknet med befolkningen i resten av Europa, og iii) risiko knyttet til sameksistens med konvensjonell og/eller økologisk produksjon for genmodifiserte planter som søkes godkjent for dyrking. Aktuelle virkemidler for å sikre sameksistens skal også vurderes. I trinn 2 skal VKM vurdere om innspill fra Norge er tilfredsstillende besvart av EFSA. I tillegg skal VKM vurdere om noen av EFSAs kommentarer til andre lands innspill gir grunnlag for videre oppfølging. Dersom EFSAs svar til norske innspill ikke er tilfredsstillende, eller andre lands innspill gir grunnlag for videre oppfølging, skal VKM i trinn 3 utføre en risikovurdering av de aktuelle forholdene, inkludert eventuelle særnorske forhold.
Forfattere
Wim De Schuyter Emiel De Lombaerde Leen Depauw Pallieter De Smedt Alina Stachurska-Swakoń Anna Orczewska Balázs Teleki Bogdan Jaroszewicz Déborah Closset František Máliš Fraser Mitchell Fride Høistad Schei George Peterken Guillaume Decocq Hans Van Calster Jan Šebesta Jonathan Lenoir Jörg Brunet Kamila Reczyńska Krzysztof Świerkosz Martin Diekmann Martin Kopecký Markéta Chudomelová Martin Hermy Martin Macek Miles Newman Monika Wulf Ondřej Vild Ove Eriksson Peter Horchler Petr Petrik Remigiusz Pielech Thilo Heinken Thomas Dirnböck Thomas A. Nagel Tomasz Durak Tibor Standovár Tobias Naaf Wolfgang Schmidt Lander Baeten Pieter De Frenne Markus Bernhardt-Römermann Radim Hédl Don Waller Kris VerheyenSammendrag
1. Wild pollinators are crucial for ecosystem functioning and human food production and often rely on floral resources provided by different (semi-) natural ecosystems for survival. Yet, the role of European forests, and especially the European forest herb layer, as a potential provider of floral resources for pollinators has scarcely been quantified. 2. In this study, we measured the potential nectar production (PNP) of the forest herb layer using resurvey data across 3326 plots in temperate forests in Europe, with an average time interval of 41 years between both surveys in order to assess (i) the importance of the forest herb layer in providing nectar for wild pollinators, (ii) the intra-annual variation of PNP, (iii) the overall change in PNP between survey periods and (iv) the change in intra-annual variation of PNP between survey periods. The PNP estimates nectar availability based on the relative cover of different plant species in the forest herb layer. Although PNP overestimates actual nectar production, relative differences amongst plots provide a valid and informative way to analyse differences across time and space. 3. Our results show that the forest herb layer has a large potential for providing nectar for wild pollinator communities, which is greatest in spring, with an average PNP of almost 16 g sugar/m2/year. However, this potential has drastically declined (mean plot-level decline >24%). 4. Change in light availability, associated with shifts in canopy structure and canopy composition, is the key driver of temporal PNP changes. 5. Synthesis. Our study shows that if management activities are carefully planned to sustain nectar-producing plant species for wild pollinators, European forest herb layers and European forests as a whole can play key roles in sustaining wild pollinator populations.
Forfattere
X. Díaz de Otálora B. Amon L. Balaine F. Dragoni F. Estellés G. Ragaglini M. Kieronczyk Grete H. M. Jørgensen A. del PradoSammendrag
CONTEXT European dairy cattle production systems (DPS) are facing multiple challenges that threaten their social, economic, and environmental sustainability. In this context, it is crucial to implement options to promote the reconnection between crop and livestock systems as a way to reduce emissions and enhance nutrient circularity. However, given the sector's diversity, the successful implementation of these options lacks an evaluation framework that jointly considers the climatic conditions, farm characteristics, manure management and mineral fertilisation practices of DPS across Europe. OBJECTIVE This study aims to develop a modelling and statistical framework to assess the effect of climatic conditions, farm characteristics, manure management and mineral fertilisation practices on the on-farm sources of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and nitrogen (N) losses from ten contrasting case studies for dairy production across Europe, identifying options for emissions mitigation and nutrient circularity. METHODS Using the SIMSDAIRY deterministic whole-farm modelling approach, we estimated the GHG emissions and N losses from the ten case studies. SIMSDAIRY captures the effect of different farm management choices and site-specific conditions on nutrient cycling and emissions from different components of a dairy farm. In addition, we applied the Factor Analysis for Mixed Data multivariate statistical approach to quantitative and qualitative variables and identified relationships among emissions, nutrient losses, and the particular characteristics of the case studies assessed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS The results showed how intensive case study farms in temperate climates were associated with lower enteric emissions but higher emissions from manure management (e.g. housing). In contrast, semi-extensive case study farms in cooler climates exhibited higher N losses and GHG emissions, directly linked to increased mineral fertilisation, excreta during grazing, and slurry application using broadcast. Furthermore, the results indicated opportunities to improve nutrient circularity and crop-livestock integration by including high-quality forages instead of concentrates and substituting mineral fertilisers with organic fertilisers. SIGNIFICANCE The presented framework provides valuable insights for designing, implementing, and monitoring context-specific emission mitigation options and nutrient circularity practices. By combining whole-farm modelling approaches and multivariate statistical methods, we enhance the understanding of the interactions between sources of N losses and GHG emissions. We expect our findings to inform the adoption of emissions reduction and circularity practices by fostering the recoupling between crop and livestock systems.
Sammendrag
To facilitate nutrient management and the use of manure as a feedstock for biogas production, manure is often separated into a solid and a liquid fraction. The former fraction is usually high in P and low in N, so when incorporated in the soil as fertilizer, it needs to be supplemented by N from, e.g., mineral fertilizers or nitrogen-fixing species. To explore strategies to manage N with solid-separated manure, we examined how the amount of digestate and the N:P ratio of pig digestate, i.e., manure that had partially undergone anaerobic digestion, affected the productivity of Westerwolds ryegrass and red clover in a pot experiment with one soil which was rich and another which was poor in plant nutrients. The soil and plant species treatments were combined with four doses of digestate, which gave plant available phosphorus (P) concentrations of 2, 4, 8, or 16 mg P100 g−1 soil. Ammonium nitrate was dosed to obtain factorial combinations of digestate amount and N:P ratios of 1.8, 4, 8, and 16. Clover was harvested once at the beginning of flowering (15 weeks after seeding), while Westerwolds ryegrass was allowed to regrow three times after being cut at the shooting stage (in total, 4 cuts, 6, 9, 12, and 15 weeks after seeding). Ryegrass yield increased by up to 2.9 times with digestate dosage. Interactions with the N:P ratio and soil type were weak. Hence, the effect of increasing the N:P ratio was additive across digestate dosages. Red clover biomass also increased by up to 39% with digestate dosage. Residual nutrients in the soil after red clover cultivation were affected by the initial differences in soil characteristics but not by digestate treatment or biomass of harvested red clover. A targeted N management is required to benefit from the P-rich digestate in grass cultivation, while the long-term effects of red clover culture on N input need further investigation.
Forfattere
Jaime Candelas Bielza Lennart Noordermeer Erik Næsset Terje Gobakken Johannes Breidenbach Hans Ole ØrkaSammendrag
Tree species composition is essential information for forest management and remotely sensed (RS) data have proven to be useful for its prediction. In forest management inventories, tree species are commonly interpreted manually from aerial images for each stand, which is time and resource consuming and entails substantial uncertainty. The objective of this study was to evaluate a range of RS data sources comprising airborne laser scanning (ALS) and airborne and satellite-borne multispectral data for model-based prediction of tree species composition. Total volume was predicted using non-linear regression and volume proportions of species were predicted using parametric Dirichlet models. Predicted dominant species was defined as the species with the greatest predicted volume proportion and predicted species-specific volumes were calculated as the product of predicted total volume multiplied by predicted volume proportions. Ground reference data obtained from 1184 sample plots of 250 m2 in eight districts in Norway were used. Combinations of ALS and two multispectral data sources, i.e. aerial images and Sentinel-2 satellite images from different seasons, were compared. The most accurate predictions of tree species composition were obtained by combining ALS and multi-season Sentinel-2 imagery, specifically from summer and fall. Independent validation of predicted species proportions yielded average root mean square differences (RMSD) of 0.15, 0.15 and 0.07 (relative RMSD of 30%, 68% and 128%) and squared Pearson's correlation coefficient (r2) of 0.74, 0.79 and 0.51 for Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.), Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and deciduous species, respectively. The dominant species was predicted with median values of overall accuracy, quantity disagreement and allocation disagreement of 0.90, 0.07 and 0.00, respectively. Predicted species-specific volumes yielded average values of RMSD of 63, 48 and 23 m3/ha (relative RMSD of 39%, 94% and 158%) and r2 of 0.84, 0.60 and 0.53 for spruce, pine and deciduous species, respectively. In one of the districts with independent validation plots of mean size 3700 m2, predictions of the dominant species were compared to results obtained through manual photo-interpretation. The model predictions gave greater accuracy than manual photo-interpretation. This study highlights the utility of RS data for prediction of tree species composition in operational forest inventories, particularly indicating the utility of ALS and multi-season Sentinel-2 imagery.
Forfattere
Ademir de Oliveira Ferreira João Carlos de Moraes Sá Rattan Lal Gabriel Barth Thiago Inagaki Daniel Ruiz Potma Gonçalves Clever Briedis Aline Roma Tomaz William Ramos da SilvaSammendrag
Land management systems that comprise the principles of conservation agriculture (CA) can lead to soil organic carbon (SOC) gains over time. Nonetheless, how fertilization regimes interfere with their performance in highly weathered soils is still uncertain. This study presents results on SOC storage, crop yield, and soil resilience from a long-term experiment in southern Brazil (Ponta Grossa – Paraná State) 26 years after its establishment in 1989 combining a gradient of soil disturbance through diverse soil management strategies with contrasting fertilization regimes. We hypothesized that preserving soil structure rebuilt over time through no-till system plays a significant role in SOC persistence and the fertilization regime can impact land management performance on soil resilience and crop yield. The experimental design was laid out as a split plot through completely randomized blocks. The main plots comprised the treatments related to soil management systems: 1) conventional plow-based tillage – CT; 2) minimum tillage (Chiselling replacing plowing) – MT; 3) no-till with one chisel plowing every three years – NTch; and 4) continuous no-till system – NTS. The sub-plots comprised full crop fertilization (FCF) for all crops and low crop fertilization (LCF) by suppressing K and P fertilization and maintaining N in broadcast application. SOC stocks significantly improved as the soil disturbance diminished, resulting in higher soil resilience indexes for NTS and NTch. Differences in SOC stocks between the contrasting treatments NTS and CT were higher under low fertilization, resulting in C and N sequestration rates of 1.14 and 0.14 Mg ha−1 year−1 under LCF compared to 0.77 and 0.08 Mg ha−1 yr−1 in FCF at the 0–100 cm layer. Such higher differences were induced by overall higher SOC stocks of CT when under FCF and higher SOC stocks in subsoil depths promoted by NTS when under LCF. High fertilization treatments produced cumulative yields 1.5 times higher for soybeans and 2.5 times higher for corn throughout the 26 years of the experiment. Labile C fractions extracted by hot water (HWEOC) and K-permanganate (POXC) were systematically increased as the disturbance diminished. Gains in labile fractions were promoted in deeper layers in lower disturbance treatments (NTch and NTS). We conclude that combining conservation agriculture principles ultimately defined the potential for SOC sequestration. The high soil resilience under the NTS in this research indicates a considerable potential to reverse the soil degradation and decline of the SOC and labile fractions by conversion to intensive NTS (high and diversified annual C input) associated with absence of soil disturbance.
Forfattere
Yeqing Li Jinglei Zhang Xinran Wen Mahmoud Mazarji Shuo Chen Qiang Liu Shenggeng Zhao Lu Feng Gang Li Hongjun Zhou Junting PanSammendrag
The use of bio-based composites to enhance the methane production in anaerobic digestion has attracted considerable attention. Nevertheless, the study of electron transfer mechanisms and the applications of biochar/MnO2 (MBC) in complex systems remains largely unexplored. Biochar composited with MnO2 at 10:1 mass ratio (MBC10) increased the content of volatile fatty acids by 9.09 % during acidogenic phase. During the methanogenic experiments using acetate, cumulative methane production (CMP) rose by 5.83 %, and in the methanogenic experiments using food waste, CMP increased by 24.32 %. Microbial community analysis indicated an enrichment of Syntrophomonas, Bacilli, and Methanosaetaceae in the MBC10 group. This enrichment occurred mainly due to the redox capability of MnO2 enhancing MBC capacitance, thereby facilitating microbial electron transfer processes. Additionally, under 2 g/L ammonia nitrogen concentration and 30 g/L organic load, the CMP of MBC10 increased by 12.74 % and 9.44 %, respectively, compared to the BC600 group. This study illuminates MBC's electron transfer mechanisms and applications, facilitating its wider practical adoption and fostering future innovations.
Forfattere
Rylee Isitt Andrew M. Liebhold Rebecca M. Turner Andrea Battisti Cleo Bertelsmeier Rachael Blake Eckehard G. Brockerhoff Stephen B. Heard Paal Krokene Bjørn Økland Helen F. Nahrung Davide Rassati Alain Roques Takehiko Yamanaka Deepa S. PureswaranSammendrag
The geographical exchange of non-native species can be highly asymmetrical, with some world regions donating or receiving more species than others. Several hypotheses have been proposed to explain such asymmetries, including differences in propagule pressure, source species (invader) pools, environmental features in recipient regions, or biological traits of invaders. We quantified spatiotemporal patterns in the exchange of non-native insects between Europe, North America, and Australasia, and then tested possible explanations for these patterns based on regional trade (import values) and model estimates of invader pool sizes. Europe was the dominant donor of non-native insect species between the three regions, with most of this asymmetry arising prior to 1950. This could not be explained by differences in import values (1827–2014), nor were there substantial differences in the sizes of modelled invader pools. Based on additional evidence from literature, we propose that patterns of historical plant introductions may explain these asymmetries, but this possibility requires further study.