Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2017
Forfattere
Jyrki Jauhiainen Jukka Alm Brynhildur Bjarnadottir Ingeborg Callesen Jesper R Christiansen Nicholas Clarke Lise Dalsgaard Hongxing He Sabine Jordan Åsa Kasimir Vaiva Kazanaviciute Leif Klemedtsson Ari Laurén Andis Lazdins Aleksi Lehtonen Annalea Lohila Ainars Lupikis Ülo Mander Kari Minkkinen Paavo Ojanen Mats Olsson Hlynur Óskarsson Bjarni D. Sigurdsson Kaido Soosaar Gunnhild Søgaard Lars Vesterdal Raija LaihoSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Andreas Schmitz Karin Hansen Alexa Michel Anne-Katrin Prescher Tanja GM Sanders Walter Seidling Nicholas Clarke Arne Verstraeten Gunilla Pihl Karlsson Daniel Žlindra Lars Vesterdal Sue Benham David Elustondo Manuel Nicolas Peter Waldner Carmen IacobanSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Kirsten Tørresen Jevgenija Necajeva J. Soukup Peter Kryger Jensen Friederike De Mol Garifalia Economou Alireza Taab S Babaei Anna Bochenek Agnieszka Synowiec E. Jakubiak Ahmet Uludag Alistair Murdoch Aritz Royo-EsnalSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Populærvitenskapelig – Skogens klimagassregnskap
Gunnhild Søgaard, Johannes Breidenbach, Aaron Smith
Sammendrag
Skog er en viktig del av den globale karbonsyklusen, både som lager og som opptaker av karbon fra atmosfæren. Norge rapporterer årlig utslipp og opptak av klimagasser i skog til FNs klimakonvensjon, samt til Kyotoprotokollen. Skog rapporteres under landsektoren (Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry; LULUCF). I 2015 var netto-opptaket i skog 29,0 millioner tonn CO2-ekvivalenter, mens det totale utslippet av klimagasser i Norge i de øvrige sektorene var 53,9 millioner tonn. Netto opptak i skog tilsvarer dermed 54 prosent av klimagassutslippene i de øvrige sektorene.
Forfattere
Frans-Jan W. Parmentier Torben R. Christensen Søren Rysgaard Jørgen Bendtsen Ronnie N. Glud Brent Else Jacobus van Huissteden Torsten Sachs Jorien E. Vonk Mikael K. SejrSammendrag
The current downturn of the arctic cryosphere, such as the strong loss of sea ice, melting of ice sheets and glaciers, and permafrost thaw, affects the marine and terrestrial carbon cycles in numerous interconnected ways. Nonetheless, processes in the ocean and on land have been too often considered in isolation while it has become increasingly clear that the two environments are strongly connected: Sea ice decline is one of the main causes of the rapid warming of the Arctic, and the flow of carbon from rivers into the Arctic Ocean affects marine processes and the air–sea exchange of CO2. This review, therefore, provides an overview of the current state of knowledge of the arctic terrestrial and marine carbon cycle, connections in between, and how this complex system is affected by climate change and a declining cryosphere. Ultimately, better knowledge of biogeochemical processes combined with improved model representations of ocean–land interactions are essential to accurately predict the development of arctic ecosystems and associated climate feedbacks.
Sammendrag
Hønsehauken er oppført som "nær truet" (NT) i Norsk Rødliste for Arter 2015. Det antas at arten påvirkes negativt av skogbruk fordi skogsdrift forringer jakthabitat, tilgang på byttedyr, og tilgjengelige reirplasser. Den ble i 2010 nedgradert fra kategorien sårbar (VU) til nær truet (NT) basert på at bestanden trolig ikke lenger avtar men har stabilisert seg på et lavt nivå. Det har vært indikasjoner på at bestanden kan ha økt i kulturlandskap. Prosjektet er en videreføring av prosjektet "Varaldskogen: Hønsehauk, skogsdrift og skogshøns" i 2013-2014. I denne oppfølgingen har målsetningen vært å: (1) Kartlegge og sammenligne hekkebestand, ungeproduksjon, og habitatbruk under jakt ved hjelp av GPS-telemetri i et intensivt drevet skoglandskap (Varaldskogen) og et intensivt drevet kulturlandskap (Follo). (2) Vurdere hvordan reirlokaliteter for hønsehauk bedre kan kartlegges og gjøres tilgjengelig for skogeiere og driftsselskaper i skogbruket. I 2013-2016 er 6 lokaliteter overvåket på Varaldskogen, med en gjennomsnittlig beboelsesrate på 50%, 58% vellykket hekking, og 2,6 utflydde unger pr. vellykket hekking. Tilsvarende tall for 7 lokaliteter i Follo i samme periode var 96% bebodd, 92% vellykket hekking, og 2,4 utflydde unger pr. vellykket hekking. Bestandstetthet basert på bebodde lokaliteter var over dobbelt så høy i Follo (3,4 par pr. 100 km2) som på Varaldskogen (1,5 par pr. 100 km2).
Sammendrag
The genus Pectobacterium, which belongs to the bacterial family Enterobacteriaceae, contains numerous species that cause soft rot diseases in a wide range of plants. The species Pectobacterium carotovorum is highly heterogeneous, indicating a need for re-evaluation and a better classification of the species. PacBio was used for sequencing of two soft-rot-causing bacterial strains (NIBIO1006T and NIBIO1392), initially identified as P. carotovorum strains by fatty acid analysis and sequencing of three housekeeping genes (dnaX, icdA and mdh). Their taxonomic relationship to other Pectobacterium species was determined and the distance from any described species within the genus Pectobacterium was less than 94% average nucleotide identity (ANI). Based on ANI, phylogenetic data and genome-to-genome distance, strains NIBIO1006T, NIBIO1392 and NCPPB3395 are suggested to represent a novel species of the genus Pectobacterium, for which the name Pectobacterium polaris sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is NIBIO1006T (=DSM 105255T=NCPPB 4611T).
Forfattere
Melissa Magerøy Sharon Jancsik Macaire Man Saint Yuen Michael Fischer Stephen G. Withers Christian Paetz Bernd Schneider John Mackay Joerg BohlmannSammendrag
Acetophenones are phenolic compounds involved in the resistance of white spruce (Picea glauca) against spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferiana), a major forest pest in North America. The acetophenones pungenol and piceol commonly accumulate in spruce foliage in the form of the corresponding glycosides, pungenin and picein. These glycosides appear to be inactive against the insect but can be cleaved by a spruce b-glucosidase, PgbGLU-1, which releases the active aglycons. The reverse glycosylation reaction was hypothesized to involve a family 1 UDP-sugar dependent glycosyltransferase (UGT) to facilitate acetophenone accumulation in the plant. Metabolite and transcriptome profiling over a developmental time course of white spruce bud burst and shoot growth revealed two UGTs, PgUGT5 and PgUGT5b, that glycosylate pungenol. Recombinant PgUGT5b enzyme produced mostly pungenin, while PgUGT5 produced mostly isopungenin. Both UGTs also were active in vitro on select flavonoids. However, the context of transcript and metabolite accumulation did not support a biological role in flavonoid metabolism but correlated with the formation of pungenin in growing shoots. Transcript levels of PgUGT5b were higher than those of PgUGT5 in needles across different genotypes of white spruce. These results support a role of PgUGT5b in the biosynthesis of the glycosylated acetophenone pungenin in white spruce.
Forfattere
Johannes DeelstraSammendrag
In Norway, and many other countries, subsurface drainage systems are a necessity to practice agriculture. Drainage systems, through control of the groundwater level, have a direct influence on the soil moisture content. To facilitate tillage practices and harvesting depending on soil type, the soil moisture content has to be at 80 – 90% of the field capacity in the top 20 cm of the soil profile. The main objective was to get information about the half time , i.e. the time required to reduce the runoff to 50% of the runoff at the onset of a recession period. The average half time for the small field scale catchments varied from 6 – 16 hours, indicating a fast drawdown of the water Level. The analysis of subsurface drainage is carried out as part of IRIDA, an EU/JPI funded project.
Sammendrag
We determine the production risk effects and welfare implications of single-trait Bt corn adoption in the Philippines. We use a stochastic production function estimation approach that allows for examining the skewness effects of Bt within a damage abatement specification. Our results indicate that Bt corn has a statistically significant yield increasing, risk-increasing (i.e., variance-increasing) and downside risk-reducing (i.e., skewness-increasing) effects. Based on risk premium, certainty equivalent, and loss probability welfare measures, Bt corn farmers in the Philippines are better-off (in absolute terms) relative to non-Bt farmers given Bt corn's dominant yield increasing effect and downside risk-reducing effect.