Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2024
Sammendrag
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Forfattere
Sidhi Soman Agnethe Christiansen Roman Florinski Girija Bharat Eirik Hovland Steindal Luca Nizzetto Paromita ChakrabortySammendrag
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Sammendrag
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Sammendrag
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Sammendrag
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Sammendrag
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Sammendrag
1. We propose that the ecological resilience of communities to permanent changes of the environment can be based on how variation in the overall abundance of individuals affects the number of species. Community sensitivity is defined as the ratio between the rate of change in the log expected number of species and the rate of change in the log expected number of individuals in the community. High community sensitivity means that small changes in the total abundance strongly impact the number of species. Community resistance is the proportional reduction in expected number of individuals that the community can sustain before expecting to lose one species. A small value of community resistance means that the community can only endure a small reduction in abundance before it is expected to lose one species. 2. Based on long-term studies of four bird communities in European deciduous forests at different latitudes large differences were found in the resilience to environmental perturbations. Estimating the variance components of the species abundance distribution revealed how different processes contributed to the community sensitivity and resistance. Species heterogeneity in the population dynamics was the largest component, but its proportion varied among communities. Species-specific response to environmental fluctuations was the second major component of the variation in abundance. 3. Estimates of community sensitivity and resistance based on data only from a single year were in general larger than those based on estimates from longer time series. Thus, our approach can provide rapid and conservative assessment of the resilience of communities to environmental changes also including only short-term data. 4. This study shows that a general ecological mechanism, caused by increased strength of density dependence due to reduction in resource availability, can provide an intuitive measure of community resilience to environmental variation. Our analyses also illustrate the importance of including specific assumptions about how different processes affect community dynamics. For example, if stochastic fluctuations in the environment affect all species in a similar way, the sensitivity and resistance of the community to environmental changes will be different from communities in which all species show independent responses.
Forfattere
Atle Wehn HegnesSammendrag
This book analyses the implementation and challenges of using Geographical Indications in Norway. Adapting the modern and global system of Geographical Indications (GIs) to food cultures is a recurring challenge. This text uses Norway as a case study to describe, understand, and explain the socio-cultural adaptation of GIs. The empirical analysis shows that administrators, producers, consultants, and others make a significant effort to adapt the scheme to Norwegian food culture and the food culture to the scheme. Through the development and use of a new conceptual framework, the book continues to show how adaptations occurred and their influence on the development of the Norwegian food culture. The author also reflects upon the status of Norwegian GIs in emerging food cultural contexts related to sustainable and technology change. In summary, this book exhibits the connection between modern global legislative arrangements and traditional local products, providing a springboard for further research on cultural adaptation work of GIs in established and future global food cultures. This book will be of interest to researchers, policymakers, and students in agri-food studies, sociology of food and agriculture, agricultural and rural development, and cultural studies.
2023
Sammendrag
Landbruksdirektoratet ; Riksantikvaren ; Miljødirektoratet.
Forfattere
Bjarne KyllandSammendrag
The purpose of this thesis was to investigate the growth and survival of newly planted Norway spruce (Picea abies) on the West coast of Norway. Height and diameter growth were examined to identify plants with the greatest growth, thereby giving them a competitive advantage over competing vegetation. The degree of damage was assessed for the different plants, as the large pine weevil (Hylobius abietis) is one of the main challenges for newly planted spruce. I investigated the degree of damage and the relative height/diameter growth for plant types: M95, M60, SA100, and M95 stressed, at the locations of Berge, Bygstad, Hafslo, and Senneset. This was done through three assessments. The first assessment was conducted at planting in week 17, the second assessment in week 27, and the final assessment in week 36. The M95 stressed plant type is an M95 plant with an additional 3 weeks of storage between the nursery and planting. The results from one growing season showed that all locations had damage from pine weevils, but one location stood out with less damage. The degree of damage was highest for the M95 plant type at all locations and significantly different from the other plant types. The M95 plant type also had the smallest root collar diameter, resulting in the high degree of damage. The relative height and diameter growth differed significantly between plant types and locations, with a significant interaction between plant type and location. The M95 stressed plant type had the greatest height growth for the Berge and Senneset locations, and similar growth to M95 at Bygstad and Hafslo. There was greater relative height growth for the SA100 plant type compared to M60 at three locations and less relative diameter growth at two locations. Air pruning of the roots for the SA100 plant type may explain parts of the greater height growth. The final part of the study examined how increased storage time between the nursery and planting affects growth and degree of damage. This was done by delaying the planting of previously used M95 plants by three weeks. The result was a positive impact on the degree of damage and height growth. All the plant types examined in the study are currently used in forestry, and increased knowledge about the choice of plant types and planting time at different locations will be important for making informed decisions in future forest regeneration.