Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2022
Forfattere
Kjersti Balke HveemSammendrag
Denne rapporten beskriver resultatene fra en gjennomgang av forskjellige såkalte Farm Management Information Systems (FMIS) som er tilgjengelig for bruk for norske gårdbrukere. Arbeidet startet med en kartlegging av hvilke FMIS som finnes tilgjengelig. Deretter ble det mest relevante utvalget av disse testet med hensikt å svare på en rekke spørsmål knyttet til funksjonalitet og bruk. Basert på gjennomgangen som er gjort, gis et sett med råd til den som skal ta i bruk et FMIS.
Forfattere
Hilde HallandSammendrag
Sustainability is proposed as a solution to the many negative consequences of modern agriculture. However, although science and policy have aimed for sustainability for more than two decades, it seems that we are not making enough progress. This is due to the complexities of the sustainability concept and that we need to better understand how we can create change. In seeing sustainability as a learning process, this thesis aims to understand how to enhance farm sustainability in Arctic Norway. This is achieved by combining four research rationales: stakeholders’ perspectives, sustainability assessments, sustainability learning, and participatory approaches. I use a case study strategy involving farms in Arctic Norway. By applying a multimethod qualitative approach, I explore the topic through three empirical papers wherein stakeholder participation plays a prominent role. By discussing the findings, I conceptualize farm sustainability as a long-term and multilevel learning process. To achieve farm sustainability, several steps must be aligned: there must be a purpose for the process, various stakeholders must take part, we must know what to learn, a transdisciplinary methodology must be used, and the process should be flexible. In addition, the process must be embedded in the very way of farming. The relevance of these findings is that farm sustainability must be aligned with change toward improved sustainability in society at large. Context plays a major role in what, why, and how we can learn, as well as in who we can learn with. Therefore, farm sustainability as a learning process must be translated to fit the empirical context. This thesis contributes to theory development in the field of agricultural sustainability. Furthermore, it deepens our understanding of how values and context influence farm sustainability, demonstrates the relevance of combining sustainability assessments with a learning process, and broadens our understanding of sustainability learning in agriculture. In combining ‘sustainability as a theory’ and ‘sustainability as a practice’, lies the key to farm sustainability in Arctic Norway.
Forfattere
Julian Helfenstein Matthias Bürgi Niels Debonne Thymios Dimopoulos Vasco Diogo Wenche Dramstad Anna Edlinger Maria Garcia-Martin Józef Hernik Thanasis Kizos Angela Lausch Christian Levers Franziska Mohr Gerardo Moreno Robert Pazur Michael Siegrist Rebecca Swart Claudine Thenail Peter H. Verburg Tim G Williams Anita Zarina Felix HerzogSammendrag
It has been shown that the COVID-19 pandemic affected some agricultural systems more than others, and even within geographic regions, not all farms were affected to the same extent. To build resilience of agricultural systems to future shocks, it is key to understand which farms were affected and why. In this study, we examined farmers’ perceived robustness to COVID-19, a key resilience capacity. We conducted standardized farmer interviews (n = 257) in 15 case study areas across Europe, covering a large range of socio-ecological contexts and farm types. Interviews targeted perceived livelihood impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on productivity, sales, price, labor availability, and supply chains in 2020, as well as farm(er) characteristics and farm management. Our study corroborates earlier evidence that most farms were not or only slightly affected by the first wave(s) of the pandemic in 2020, and that impacts varied widely by study region. However, a significant minority of farmers across Europe reported that the pandemic was “the worst crisis in a lifetime” (3%) or “the worst crisis in a decade” (7%). Statistical analysis showed that more specialized and intensive farms were more likely to have perceived negative impacts. From a societal perspective, this suggests that highly specialized, intensive farms face higher vulnerability to shocks that affect regional to global supply chains. Supporting farmers in the diversification of their production systems while decreasing dependence on service suppliers and supply chain actors may increase their robustness to future disruptions.
Forfattere
Sebastian EiterSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Elizabeth Tettey Owusu Fordjour Aidoo Linda Arhin Ritter Atoundem Guimapi Fred Kormla Ablormeti Frank Dampare Richard Ampadu-Ameyaw Jeffet Ekow Cobbah Yayra Afram Frank Kwarteng Ndede YankeySammendrag
Coconut production is significantly constrained by a wide variety of pests. Anecdotal evidence also suggests that management of these pests is influenced by gender differences. Therefore, there was a need to assess farmers' knowledge about coconut pests, farm-level pest management strategies, and institutions offering training to farmers to develop an ecologically sound management strategy. To achieve this research need, we surveyed six coconut-growing districts, three each from the Western and Central Regions of Ghana, using face-to-face interviews, discussions, and direct observations. In addition, a multistage sampling technique was used to sample the coconut farmers. The sample population for each town was determined using a proportional to population size approach. The sample population was randomly drawn from each town/village using a sampling frame based on the agricultural sector records. The results showed that a majority of the farmers mentioned Oryctes monoceros as the most important coconut pest. Significantly more females than males mentioned weaver birds in their plantations (P = 0.035). The number of women who did not mention any of the pests was significantly higher than that of men (P = 0.007). There was a significant difference between male and female farmers who used indigenous knowledge (i.e., knowledge accumulated by an indigenous [local] population over generations of living in a certain area) (P = 0.018) for pest management. However, pest management strategies did not vary in the Central Region. Our results showed a significant difference between male and female farmers who did not use any of the management strategies, suggesting that future studies and training should consider gender in developing sustainable pest management strategies for the pests.
Forfattere
Mekjell MelandSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Jan BjerketvedtSammendrag
Hovedmålet er å evaluere en ny, forenklet metode for Groundeco/EcoX-behandling av skogsbilveier for å øke bæreevnen i eksisterende masser. Delmålene er å undersøke effekten av behandlingen på bæreevne, kostnader knyttet til tiltaket og å sammenligne dette med eksisterende praksis. Groundeco/EcoX er en kjemisk væske som tynnes ut med vann før påsprøyting på veien. Den direkte effekten er at vannets binding til kolloidene (små partikler) brytes og det går fra å være bundet til å bli fritt vann som kan transporteres bort. Den sekundære effekten er at bæreevnen øker når vannet blir borte. Det er viktig å sette i stand grøfter og stikkrenner før behandlingen. Den forenklede metoden benytter f.eks. en traktor med skålharv for å løse opp veioverflaten. Deretter sprøytes Groundeco/EcoX-løsningen på veimassene og blandes igjen med skålharven i to omganger, før høvling og kompaktering. I mai 2019 ble det utført målinger med platebelastning og lettvektsfallodd, samt oppgraving og grusprøver på 6 punkter langs Skallbergveien hos Løiten Almenning. Veiene ble behandlet med Groundeco/EcoX i juni 2019. Dette ble fulgt opp med platebelastningsprøver i oktober 2019 og august 2020. Etter en avbrutt måling med SVVs fallodd på grunn av regn i juni 2020, ble den endelige målingen gjennomført i oktober 2020. For alle 6 punkter var det positiv utvikling i bæreevne fra før-målingen i mai-19 til okt-19, og med ett unntak en ytterligere økning fra okt-19 til aug-20. Måleresultatene fra SVVs fallodd ga en SVV-klassifisering (laveste kumulative 10%-verdi) på 7,0 tonn og en gjennomsnittsverdi på 10,2 tonn. Det må understrekes at målingene ble gjort «i perioder med spesielt mye nedbør», noe som for veiklasse 3 betyr 10 tonn aksellast «med begrensninger». Til en kostnad av 372 kr/meter har Løiten Almenning og Groundeco/EcoX-behandlingen forandret veien fra «en av dårligste vi har» til en vei med gjennomsnittlig 10 tonns bæreevne under ugunstige nedbørsforhold.
Sammendrag
Seed production is an important element of weed population dynamics, and weed persistence relies upon the soil seed bank. In 2017 and 2018, we studied the relationship between the aboveground dry biomass of common weed species and their seed production. Weeds were selected randomly in the fields, and we surrounded the plants with a porous net to collect shed seeds during the growth season. Just before crop harvest, weeds were harvested, the plants’ dry weights were measured, and the number of seeds retained on the weeds was counted. A linear relationship between the biomass and the number of seeds produced was estimated. This relationship was not affected by year for Avena spica-venti, Chenopodium album, Galium aparine, or Persicaria maculosa. Therefore, the data of the two seasons were pooled and analysed together. For Alopecurus myosuroides, Anagallis arvensis, Capsella bursa-pastoris, Geranium molle, Polygonum aviculare, Silene noctiflora, Sonchus arvensis, Veronica persica, and Viola arvensis, the relationship varied significantly between the years. In 2017, the growing season was cold and wet, and the slope of the regression lines was less steep than in the dry season in 2018 for most species. Capsella bursa-pastoris was the most prolific seed producer with the steepest slope.
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Anne Falk ØgaardSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag