Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2010
Sammendrag
Isolates of Colletotrichum sublineolum were collected from different sorghum-producing regions of Ethiopia and divided into five groups based on their geographic origin. The growth rate of 50 isolates showed considerable variation: 1·7?5·8 mm day?1, mean 3·3 mm day?1. However, the isolates displayed little variation in colony colour and colony margin, except for isolates from the north, which were different from the others. Amplified fragment length polymorphism analysis of 102 isolates revealed much greater variations among the different groups. Dice similarity coefficients ranged from 0·32 to 0·96 (mean 0·78). Cluster analysis and principal coordinate analysis revealed a differentiation of the isolates according to their geographic origin, and both methods clearly indicated a genetic separation between the southern, the eastern and the other isolates. Analysis of molecular variance (amova) indicated a high level of genetic variation both among (42%) and within (58%) the C. sublineolum sampling sites in Ethiopia. The amova also indicated a high level of genetic differentiation (FST = 0·42) and limited gene flow (Nm = 0·343). The results of this study confirmed the presence of a highly diverse pathogen, which is in agreement with the existence of diverse host genotypes and widely ranging environmental conditions in sorghum-producing regions of the country. Such diversity should be taken into account in future breeding programmes to achieve an effective and sustainable disease management strategy.
Forfattere
Mari Mette Tollefsrud Christoph SperisenSammendrag
Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst.), one of the most important species of the boreal forest, is found naturally distributed in two disjunct ranges; one northern and one southern European range. These ranges have been shown to correspond to two genetically distinct lineages. In this talk, results on the genetic structure based on mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA; nad1) and nuclear microsatellites in populations from the northern European lineage, will be presented and discussed in the light of its glacial and postglacial history. The genetic relationship between Norway spruce and its will closest relative Siberian spruce (Picea abovata Lebed.) will also be discussed based on results from mtDNA and paternally inherited chloroplast DNA (cpDNA). Genetic structure of northern European Norway spruce is generally shallow, consistent with recently compiled pollen data, suggesting that Norway spruce in Northern Europe was colonized from a single Russian refugium. Despite the low differentiation found, the structure at both mtDNA and nuclear DNA suggest that expansion westwards took place along two main migration routes; one northwestern over Finland to northern Scandinavia, and one southwestern across the Baltic Sea into Scandinavia. Based on both mtDNA and nuclear DNA, populations in the oldest regions of Russia and the Baltic States show the highest diversity. Based on pollen data, colonization of these regions took place at high population densities, helping to maintain high levels of diversity. Also populations in southern Sweden and southern Norway show relatively high levels of diversity compared to the more northern Scandinavian populations. This may be due to the additional southern migration route into the region, as well as pollen-mediated gene flow in the south which seems to efficiently have replenished the loss of nuclear diversity following postglacial colonization. In the northern part of Fennoscandia, smaller effective population size due to more limited seed and pollen production may have caused decreased nuclear diversity and increased inbreeding, reflecting the ecological marginality of the species in the north. Genetic differentiation between Norway spruce and Siberian spruce based on mitochondrial and chloroplast markers suggest that the border between the two species occur east of the Ural Mountain, following the river Ob. Still, the paternally inherited cpDNA marker suggests extensive introgression from Siberian spruce into the northern European range of Norway spruce. Introgression via pollen may thus acts as a mechanism of dispersal of Siberian spruce genes into the northern European gene pool of Norway spruce.
Forfattere
Ingvild WartiainenSammendrag
presentasjon av data fra det nasjonale overvåkningsprogrammet for brunbjørn 2006-2008, samt data fra analyser av hårprøver fra hi i perioden 2002-2008. Nyheter fra andre FoU prosjekter på brunbjørn som Svanhovd har hatt de siste par år.
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Tore SkrøppaSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Tore SkrøppaSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Igor A. Yakovlev Ari M. Hietala Pierre-Emmanuel Courty Francis Martin Jan Stenlid Halvor Solheim Carl Gunnar FossdalSammendrag
The genome H. annosum s.l. was sequenced by JGI to a 8.23X coverage and assembled into 39 scaffolds with a total size of 33.7 Mb covering more than 98% of the whole genome. Based of genome sequence we annotated a number of genes for fungal enzymes that are believed to participate in lignin degradation, including: laccases (Lcc18 genes), manganese peroxidases (MnP8 genes) and hydrogen peroxide forming enzymes such as glyoxal oxidases (GLOX5 genes), quinone oxidoreductases (QOR17 genes) and aryl alcohol oxidases (AAO16 genes), which is in concordance with these gene family sizes observed in other sequenced white-rot fungi. We studied the genomic organisation and phylogeny of these genes as well as their expression using NimbleGen arrays and qRT-PCR. Transcript profiling using whole-genome oligo arrays and qRT-PCR revealed that some transcripts were very abundant in lignin-rich media (Lcc5 15, MnP2, GLOX4, QOR2 10, AAO9), in cellulose-rich media (lcc2, 7 16, MnP3 4, GLOX3, QOR4 6, AAO2, 7 10), in wood (Lcc3, MnP4, QOR2, GLOX1, AAO10) or in the free-living mycelium grown liquid culture (Lcc1, 3, 10 13), suggesting specific functions of these genes, which need to be studied further.
Forfattere
Ove BergersenSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Ove BergersenSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Liv Ostrem Johannes Andre FolkestadSammendrag
Erfaringar frå fryseforsøk av lyssiv og knappsiv syner at begge artane får redusert gjenvekst sjølv ved moderat påverknad av frost. Det er vidare liten skilnad i frosttoleranse mellom sivartane, men knappsiv ser ut til å tole mest frost av dei to artane I Noreg er det gjort få undersøkingar som har prøvd å finne effektive metodar forå hindre spreiing av siv i kulturlandskapet. I eit nyleg starta prosjekt ved Bioforsk Vest Fureneset, vil ein m.a. undersøke kva effekt endringar i klima (temperatur og nedbør) og agronomiske tilhøve (jordtilhøve og drift) har på overlevingsevna og utbreiingsgrada av sivartane. Målet er å finne kostnadseffektive tiltak (mekaniske og kjemiske) mot problemugrasa. Utfyllande informasjon om forsøka kan finnast i Vestlandsk Landbruk nr.5 (2010), eller ved å opne ein PDF kopi av artikkelen i vedlagt lenkje.