Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2019
Sammendrag
In this study, a brown macroalgae species, Saccharina latissima, processed to increase its protein concentration, and a red macroalgae species, Porphyra spp., were used to evaluate their in vivo digestibility, rumen fermentation and blood amino acid concentrations. Four castrated rams were used, whose diets were supplemented with a protein-rich fraction of S. latissima, a commercial Porphyra spp. and soybean meal (SBM). Our results show that the protein digestibility of a diet with S. latissima extract was lower (0.55) than those with Porphyra spp. (0.64) and SBM (0.66). In spite of the higher nitrogen (N) intake of diets containing Porphyra spp. and SBM (20.9 and 19.8 g N/day, respectively) than that with S. latissima (18.6 g N/day), the ratio of N excreted in faeces to total N intake was significantly higher in the diet with S. latissima than those with Porphyra spp. and SBM. This reflects that the utilization of protein in S. latissima was impaired, possibly due to reduced microbial activity. The latter statement is corroborated by lower volatile fatty acid composition (25.6, 54.8 and 100 mmol/l for S. latissima, Porphyra spp. and SBM, respectively) and a non-significant tendency for lower ammonia concentration observed in diets with S. latissima and Porphyra spp. compared to SBM. It is important to note that the S. latissima used in this trial was rinsed during processing to remove salt. This process potentially also removes other water-soluble compounds, such as free amino acids, and may have increased the relative fraction of protein resistant to rumen degradation and intestinal absorption. Furthermore, the phlorotannins present in macroalgae may have formed complexes with protein and fibre, further limiting their degradability in rumen and absorption in small intestines. We recommend that further studies explore the extent to which processing of macroalgae affects its nutritive properties and rumen degradability, in addition to studies to measure the intestinal absorption of these macroalgae species
Forfattere
Marit Almvik Marianne Stenrød Randi Bolli Alice Budai Ingvill Hauso Olaug Bach Steinar Haugse Ole Martin EkloSammendrag
OBJECTIVES • Gain a better understanding of the fate of pesticides in the environment by also screening and detecting their metabolites • Predict and detect pesticide metabolites in soils using high resolution accurate mass (HRAM) tools; Thermo Q Exactive orbitrap and Compound DiscovererTM software. HIGHLIGHTS • We present in silico metabolism simulation to predict fungicide metabolites in soil • We present a screening method for 800 pesticides and metabolites in soil and food, exemplified with soil samples from strawberry field degradation studies (including fluopyram, boscalid and pyraclostrobin and others) • We address the lack of molecular formulas for known metabolites in current databases as an obstacle in establishing HRAM screening methods
Forfattere
B.S. Steidinger Thomas W. Crowther Jingjing Liang M. E. Van Nuland G.D.A. Werner Peter B. Reich Gert-Jan Nabuurs Sergio de-Miguel M. Zhou N. Picard Bruno Herault Xiuhai Zhao C. Zhang D. Routh Kabir G Peay Meinrad Abegg C. Yves Adou Yao Giorgio Alberti Angelica Almeyda Zambrano Esteban Alvarez-Davila Patricia Alvarez-Loayza Luciana F. Alves Christian Ammer Clara Antón Fernández Alejandro Araujo-Murakami Luzmila Arroyo Valerio Avitabile Gerardo Aymard Timothy R. Baker Radomir Bałazy Olaf Bánki Jorcely Barroso Meredith Bastian Jean-François Bastin Luca Birigazzi Philippe Birnbaum Robert Bitariho Pascal Boeckx Olivier Bouriaud Pedro H. S. Brancalion Susanne Brandl Francis Q. Brearley Roel J. W. Brienen Eben Broadbent Helge Bruelheide Filippo Bussotti Roberto Cazzolla Gatti Ricardo Cesar Goran Cesljar Robin L. Chazdon Han Y. H. Chen Chelsea L. Chisholm Emil Cienciala Connie J. Clark David Clark Gabriel Colletta Richard Condit David Coomes Fernando Cornejo Valverde Jose J. Corral-Rivas Philip Crim Jonathan Cumming Selvadurai Dayanandan André L. de Gasper Mathieu Decuyper Géraldine Derroire Ben DeVries Ilija Djordjevic Amaral Iêda Aurélie Dourdain Nestor Laurier Engone Obiang Brian J. Enquist Teresa Eyre Adandé Belarmain Fandohan Tom M. Fayle Ted R. Feldpausch Leena Finér Markus Fischer Christine Fletcher Jonas Fridman Lorenzo Frizzera Javier G. P. Gamarra Damiano Gianelle Henry B. Glick David J. Harris Andy Hector Andreas Hemp Geerten Hengeveld John Herbohn Martin Herold Annika Hillers Eurídice N. Honorio Coronado Markus Huber Cang Hui Hyunkook Cho Thomas Ibanez Ilbin Jung Nobuo Imai Andrzej M. Jagodzinski Bogdan Jaroszewicz Vivian Kvist Johannsen Carlos A. Joly Tommaso Jucker Viktor Karminov Kuswata Kartawinata Elizabeth Kearsley David Kenfack Deborah Kennard Sebastian Kepfer-Rojas Gunnar Keppel Mohammed Latif Khan Timothy Killeen Hyun Seok Kim Kanehiro Kitayama Michael Köhl Henn Korjus Florian Kraxner Diana Laarmann Mait Lang Simon L. Lewis Huicui Lu Natalia Lukina Brian S. Maitner Yadvinder Malhi Eric Marcon Beatriz Schwantes Marimon Ben Hur Marimon-Junior Andrew R. Marshall Emanuel H. Martin Olga Martynenko Jorge A. Meave Omar Melo-Cruz Casimiro Mendoza Cory Merow Abel Monteagudo Mendoza Vanessa Moreno Sharif A. Mukul Philip Mundhenk Maria G. Nava-Miranda David Neill Victor Neldner Radovan Nevenic Michael Ngugi Pascal Niklaus Jacek Oleksyn Petr Ontikov Edgar Ortiz-Malavasi Yude Pan Alain Paquette Alexander Parada-Gutierrez Elena Parfenova Minjee Park Marc Parren Narayanaswamy Parthasarathy Pablo L. Peri Sebastian Pfautsch Oliver Phillips Maria Teresa Piedade Daniel Piotto Nigel Pitman Irina Polo Lourens Poorter Axel Dalberg Poulsen John R. Poulsen Hans Pretzsch Freddy Ramirez Arevalo Zorayda Restrepo-Correa Mirco Rodeghiero Samir Rolim Anand Roopsind Francesco Rovero Ervan Rutishauser Purabi Saikia Philippe Saner Peter Schall Mart-Jan Schelhaas Dmitry Schepaschenko Michael Scherer-Lorenzen Bernhard Schmid Jochen Schöngart Eric Searle Vladimír Seben Josep M. Serra-Diaz Christian Salas Douglas Sheil Anatoly Shvidenko Javier Silva-Espejo Marcos Silveira James Singh Plinio Sist Ferry Slik Bonaventure Sonké Alexandre F. Souza Krzysztof Stereńczak Jens-Christian Svenning Miroslav Svoboda Natalia Targhetta Nadezhda M. Tchebakova Hans ter Steege Raquel Thomas Elena Tikhonova Peter Umunay Vladimir Usoltsev Fernando Valladares Fons van der Plas Tran Van Do Rodolfo Vasquez Martinez Hans Verbeeck Helder Viana Simone Vieira Klaus von Gadow Hua-Feng Wang James Watson Bertil Westerlund Susan Wiser Florian Wittmann Verginia Wortel Roderick Zagt Tomasz Zawila-Niedzwiecki Zhi-Xin Zhu Irie Casimir Zo-BiSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Md Zia Uddin Weria Khaksar Jim TørresenSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
Svandalsfossen, som er en velkjent og hyppig besøkt turistattraksjon i Sauda kommune, påvirker ved høy vannføring trafikksikkerheten på fylkesvei 520 gjennom fossesprut som hindrer sikt. På grunn av den tidvis utfordrende trafikksituasjonen vurderes det nå tiltak for å begrense fossesprut på veien, enten ved å (1) sprenge vekk en fjellnabbe i fossen for å redusere fossesprut og/eller endre dens retning, eller (2) installere en vegg ved veien på sørsiden av fossen for å fysisk skjerme veien mot fossesprut. Samtidig er det registrert be-tydelige naturverdier ved Svandalsfossen: den rødlistede mosen kystfloke (Heterocladium wulfsbergii) og en fossesprøytsone (E05) med A-verdi (svært viktig) etter DN håndbok 13, som i dag omfatter de rødlistede naturtypene fosseberg og fosse-eng. Derfor undersøkte vi utbredelsen av kystfloke og rødlistede naturtyper ved Svandalsfossen og vurderte kon-sekvensene de ulike inngrepsalternativene vil ha for naturverdiene. Kystfloke ble funnet langs store deler av fossen, og det ble i tillegg oppdaget en annen rødlistet mose-art kyst-skeimose (Platyhypnidium lusitanicum), men begge forekom i områder som i liten grad vil påvirkes av de foreslåtte inngrepene. De rødlistede naturtypene fosseberg og fosse-eng fant vi derimot i tilknytning til inngrepsområdet. Disse naturtypene er helt avhengige av høy fuk-tighet og det forventes at en reduksjon i fosserøyk/-sprut vil ha tydelig negativ innvirkning på dem. Derfor frarådes det å sprenge vekk fjellmateriale i fossen og dermed redusere fosse-røyk/-sprut. Installasjon av en vegg endrer ikke tilførsel av fuktighet for naturverdiene ved Svandalsfossen og vil dermed ha langt mindre negativ innvirkning, særlig hvis den bygges av gjennomsiktig materiale som ikke skygger ut vegetasjonen.
Forfattere
Marie Reimer Björn Ringselle Göran Bergkvist Sally Westaway Raphaël Wittwer Jörg Peter Baresel Marcel G. A. van der Heijden Kjell Mangerud Maria R. Finckh Lars Olav BrandsæterSammendrag
Reducing soil tillage can lead to many benefits, but this practice often increases weed abundance and thus the need for herbicides, especially during the transition phase from inversion tillage to non-inversion tillage. We evaluated if subsidiary crops (SCs, e.g., cover crops) can mitigate the effects of non-inversion tillage on weed abundance. Two-year experiments studying SC use, tillage intensity, and nitrogen (N) fertilization level were carried out twice at six sites throughout northern and central Europe. SCs significantly reduced weed cover throughout the intercrop period (−55% to −1% depending on site), but only slightly during the main crops. Overall weed abundance and weed biomass were higher when using non-inversion tillage with SCs compared to inversion tillage without SCs. The effects differed due to site-specific weed pressure and management. With increasing weed pressure, the effect of SCs decreased, and the advantage of inversion over non-inversion tillage increased. N fertilization level did not affect weed abundance. The results suggest that SCs can contribute by controlling weeds but cannot fully compensate for reduced weed control of non-inversion tillage in the transition phase. Using non-inversion tillage together with SCs is primarily recommended in low weed pressure environments.
Forfattere
Ingun Grimstad Klepp Vilde Anine Rydal Haugrønning Gunnar Vittersø Lise Grøva Elin KubberødSammendrag
From its initiation in 2015 to the end in 2019, KRUS had two goals: to improve the market for and the value of Norwegian wool, and survey the opportunities for local production in a move towards a goal of sustainability in the fashion sector. On a larger scale, KRUS has looked at how we can re-establish an understanding of the connection 2 SIFO REPORT NO 8-19 between the raw material and the finished product within the textile industry and among consumers. It is critical to understand this connection, both to ensure quality products and to reach the market potential for Norwegian wool. To restore the understanding of “where clothes come from” is also at the heart of challenges currently facing the textile industry. The consumption and production of textiles faces major challenges and changes in the future. Today the industry is characterized by low control and little knowledge, while growth in quantity, environmental impact, as well as stress on animals and humans is high. KRUS has contributed to the debate on sustainable clothing by focusing on local value-chains and locally produced apparel. The focus on Norwegian wool and the specific qualities of the different breeds has played an essential role for Norwegian textile tradition and dress culture, and a better understanding of this has been essential to the project. An important challenge for Norwegian wool is that it has not been marketed with any kind of label of origin. Private actors have thus entered the field and developed their own private labels for Norwegian wool. In addition, there are few products on the market containing Norwegian wool beyond hand-knitting yarn, which means that availability has been limited. Throughout the project, we have seen a shift, especially for older sheep breeds, which have posed a special challenge. Their wool is central in keeping Norwegian handicrafts alive, but the quality on some of the wool types has been declining. For others, the challenge is that much of the wool is not taken care of, and constitutes a waste problem. Through breeding-projects, work collaboration, looking closely at labelling systems and business models, KRUS has addressed these challenges