Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2017
Authors
Lars NesheimAbstract
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Abstract
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Abstract
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Abstract
Gammalnorsk sau er eit vanleg husdyrslag i kystlyngheia. Mange har gammalnorsk sau i utegangardrift der tilhøva ligg til rette for dette, særleg langs kysten på Vestlandet og nordover. Kunnskap om kva sauen beiter gjennom året, og om kvaliteten på dei enkelte beita er viktig når ein skal tilpasse dyretalet til beitegrunnlaget.
Abstract
Lyngsviing er ei viktig skjøtselsform for å legge til rette for gode beiteforhold i kystlyngheia. Kunnskap om kva slags artar som veks fram etter sviing og kor fort desse artane kjem tilbake, er viktig for å få god bruk av beita og eit godt husdyrhald over tid. Undersøkingar frå norske kystlyngheier syner at vegetasjonen kjem raskare tilbake etter lyngsviing i sør enn i nord. Det bør derfor sviast hyppigare i sør enn i nord.
Abstract
Kystlynghei er eit kulturlandskap som i dag er på raudlista over norske naturtypar. Ein av dei største trugslane er opphøyr av tradisjonell beitebruk og lyngsviing, og ein har i dag fleire lyngheier i dårleg hevd. Interessa for kystlynghei er aukande, men er det mogeleg å gjere gamle kystlyngheier om til gode beiteområder igjen?
Abstract
Stand dynamics and the gap initiation prior to gap formation are not well- understood because of its long- term nature and the scarcity of late- successional stands. Reconstruction of such disturbance is normally based on historical records and den-droecological methods. We investigated gap initiation and formation at the fine- scale stand level in the old- growth reserve of Karlshaugen in Norway. Given its long- term conservation history, and thorough mapping in permanent marked plots with spatially referenced trees, it provides an opportunity to present stand development before, during, and after gap formation. Late- successional decline in biomass was recorded after more than 50 years of close to steady state. Gaps in the canopy were mainly cre-ated by large old trees that had been killed by spruce bark beetles. Snapping by wind was the main reason for treefall. Long- term dominance of Norway spruce excluded downy birch and Scots pine from the stand. Comparisons of the forest floor soil prop-erties between the gap and nongap area showed significantly higher concentrations of plant available Ca within the gap area. Plant root simulator (PRS™) probes showed significantly higher supply rates for Ca and Mg, but significantly lower K for the gap compared to the nongap area. Soil water from the gap area had significantly higher C:N ratios compared to the nongap area. Fine- scale variation with increasing distance to logs indicated that CWD is important for leaking of DOC and Ca. Our long- term study from Karlshaugen documents gap dynamics after more than 50 years of steady state and a multiscale disturbance regime in an old- growth forest. The observed dis-turbance dynamic caused higher aboveground and belowground heterogeneity in plots, coarse woody debris, and nutrients. Our study of the nutrient levels of the forest floor suggest that natural gaps of old- growth forest provide a long- lasting biogeo-chemical feedback system particularly with respect to Ca and probably also N. Norway spruce trees near the gap edge responded with high plasticity to reduced competition, showing the importance of the edge zone as hot spots for establishing heterogeneity, but also the potential for carbon sequestration in old- growth forest.
Abstract
Organisms that modify the environment (niche constructors) are likely candidates to mediate the effects of climate warming. Here we assess tundra plant community changes along a temperature gradient and how these are modified in the presence of the common allelopathic dwarf shrub Empetrum nigrum and the large herbivore Rangifer tarandus. We developed a structural equation model based on data from a field-based study of 1450 tundra plant communities across Northern Fennoscandia, covering a temperature gradient of 3.5 °C, contrasting Rangifer densities, a range of Empetrum abundances in addition to gradients in topography and bedrock. We found temperature to be a significant positive predictor of Empetrum, herbaceous and woody plant abundances. However, the effect of temperature as predictor for herbaceous plant abundance was significantly reduced in communities with Empetrum present. For woody plant abundance Empetrum was a stronger predictor than temperature. In comparison, we found Rangifer density to have marginal or no effect on either herbaceous or woody plant abundance. These findings were not modified by either topography or bedrock. Results from this study indicate that herbaceous plant responses to climate warming are currently reduced in communities where Empetrum is present, whereas the abundance of Empetrum and other woody plants is promoted. Results also indicate that any future Empetrum encroachment is likely to drive tundra communities towards slower process rates and lower biodiversity. As such our results substantiate the importance of understanding the dynamics of niche constructor species and include them in predictive models of climate change.
Abstract
Several studies focus on the effects of climate variability on female and male gender relations as perceived through various biophysical and socio-economic aspects. More emphasis is given on the impacts of extreme weather events on rural communities of less developed regions. The results are often interpreted in a qualitative manner through policy measures that may reduce gender inequalities. However, the interpretation of the qualitative results to more crisp and measurable outputs is often not attained while the validation of the findings is rarely ensured. The current study suggests a gender-differentiated impact framework based on qualitative and quantitative components for the assessment of climate variability effects on rural communities in South India. Fifteen villages mostly practicing rice farming in Andhra Pradesh and Telangana states were selected as representative drought-prone case studies. The study results advocate that the qualitative outcomes were validated from the quantitative approach but for a few cases which could be attributed to methodological and case-specific differentiations. Policy recommendations are made on common gender trainings in water-resistant crops and livestock activities for the alleviation of drought impact and abatement of gender inequalities. Also, entrepreneurship workshops for women could enhance gender balance and diverse family income from the current sole dependence on farming revenues. Regional climate adaptation programs could be better implemented when the specific features and capacities of local communities are taken into consideration.
Authors
Kimm J.E. van Hulzen Claus J. Scholz Barbara Franke Stephan Ripke Marieke Klein Andrew McQuillin Edmund J.S. Sonuga-Barke John R. Kelsoe Mikael Landén Ole Andreassen Klaus-Peter Lesch Heike Weber Stephen Faraone Alejandro Arias-Vasquez Andreas Reif Søren Dalsgaard Srdjan Djurovic Omar Gustafsson Morten Mattingsdal Ingrid Melle Gunnar Morken Johannes SchumacherAbstract
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag