Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2018
Forfattere
Ievina SturiteSammendrag
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Forfattere
Wei He Weimin Ju Christopher R. Schwalm Sebastian Sippel Xiaocui Wu Qiaoning He Lian Song Chunhua Zhang Jing Li Stephen Sitch Nicolas Viovy Pierre Friedlingstein Atul K. JainSammendrag
Recently, severe droughts that occurred in North America are likely to have impacted its terrestrial carbon sink. However, process‐based understanding of how meteorological conditions prior to the onset of drought, for instance warm or cold springs, affect drought‐induced carbon cycle effects remains scarce. Here we assess and compare the response of terrestrial carbon fluxes to summer droughts in 2011 and 2012 characterized by contrasting spring conditions. The analysis is based on a comprehensive ensemble of carbon cycle models, including FLUXCOM, TRENDY v5, SiBCASA, CarbonTracker Europe, and CarbonTracker, and emerging Earth observations. In 2011, large reductions of net ecosystem production (NEP; −0.24 ± 0.17 Pg C/year) are due to decreased gross primary production (−0.17 ± 0.18 Pg C/year) and slightly increased ecosystem respiration (+0.07 ± 0.17 Pg C/year). Conversely, in 2012, NEP reductions (−0.17 ± 0.25 Pg C/year) are attributed to a larger increase of ecosystem respiration (+0.48 ± 0.27 Pg C/year) than gross primary production (+0.31 ± 0.29 Pg C/year), induced predominantly by an extra warmer spring prior to summer drought. Two temperate ecoregions crops/agriculture and the grass/shrubs contribute largest to these reductions and also dominate the interannual variations of NEP during 2007–2014. Moreover, the warming spring compensated largely the negative carbon anomaly due to summer drought, consistent with earlier studies; however, the compensation occurred only in some specific ecoregions. Overall, our analysis offers a refined view on recent carbon cycle variability and extremes in North America. It corroborates earlier results but also highlights differences with respect to ecoregion‐specific carbon cycle responses to drought and heat.
Sammendrag
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Forfattere
Jonathan Rizzi Clara Antón Fernández Paulo Jorge de Almeida Borges Ryan Bright Rasmus AstrupSammendrag
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Sammendrag
This study examines the relationships between profitability, nitrogen (N) surplus, greenhouse gas emissions (GHG), and energy intensity and factors influencing these relationships in dairy farming. In-depth data from 10 conventional and 8 organic dairy farms in Western Norway were analyzed. Organic farms had lower N surplus per hectare (local, onfarm) and per unit output (global, cradle-to-farm-gate), and lower estimated GHG emissions and energy intensity per unit output, whereas labor input and farm profits did not differ. Higher profitability tended to be associated with improved performance of the environmental indicators examined. Intensification through increased use of concentrates tended to improve profit and reduce N surplus, GHG emissions, and energy intensity per unit output within each farming system while N surplus per hectare could be negatively affected. To ensure a balanced representation of the environmental consequences of both organic and conventional farming systems,our results give support to extensive examination of both area and product-based environmental performance indicators.
Forfattere
Ricardo HolgadoSammendrag
Bruk av husdyrgjødsel er stadig mer brukt til å produsere biogass. Rester (bio- avfall) etter biogass prosesser, kan bli bruk som gjødsel. Hvis ugressfrø, plante patogener og nematoder overlever anaerob prosessen, bruk av bioavfall kan bli en fytosanitær risiko. Litteratur om effektene av mesofil temperatur spesielt på (to) ugress (en) plantepatogen og potetcystnematode-levedyktighet ble gjennomgått. Ifølge den tilgjengelige litteraturen må det konkluderes at behandlinger som vanligvis brukes i mesofil prosess ikke vil være tilstrekkelige for fullstendig inaktivering av plantepatogener. Dette refererer til patogener av potet som er oppført i norsk regulering (Matloven) og EU-direktiv 2000/29 / EF, spesielt Synchytrium endobioticum.
Forfattere
Jorunn BørveSammendrag
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