Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2020
Foredrag – Senter for presisjonsjordbruk på Apelsvoll
Kjersti Balke Hveem, Håvard Johansen Lindgaard
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Rowena C. Downie Min Lin Beatrice Corsi Andrea Ficke Morten Lillemo Richard P. Oliver Huyen T. T. Phan Kar-Chun Tan James CockramSammendrag
The fungus Parastagonospora nodorum is a narrow host range necrotrophic fungal pathogen that causes Septoria nodorum blotch (SNB) of cereals, most notably wheat. Although commonly observed on wheat seedlings, P. nodorum infection has the greatest effect on the adult crop. It results in leaf blotch, which limits photosynthesis and thus crop growth and yield. It can also affect the wheat ear, resulting in glume blotch which directly affects grain quality. Reports of P. nodorum fungicide resistance, the increasing use of reduced tillage agronomic practices and high evolutionary potential of the pathogen, combined with changes in climate and agricultural environments, mean that genetic resistance to SNB remains a high priority in many regions of wheat cultivation. In this review, we summarise current information on P. nodorum population structure and its implication for improved SNB management. We then review recent advances in the genetics of host resistance to P. nodorum and the necrotrophic effectors it secretes during infection, integrating the genomic positions of these genetic loci using the recently released wheat reference genome assembly. Finally, we discuss the genetic and genomic tools now available for SNB resistance breeding and consider future opportunities and challenges in crop health management using the wheat-P. nodorum interaction as a model.
Forfattere
Jorunn BørveSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Kari StensgaardSammendrag
Rapporten dokumenterer fotografering og registrering i et seterområde i Sjodalen i Vågå i 2019. Arbeidet refererer til et etnologisk registreringsarbeid utført samme sted 50 år tidligere, i 1969. Seterhus og seterbruk betraktes i et 50 års tidperspektiv, men også i nåtid ved sammenligning med andre seterområder i samme landsdel. Bilder fra 1969 er refotografert i 2019.
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Simon Jakobsson Joachim Paul Töpper Marianne Evju Erik Framstad Anders Lyngstad Bård Pedersen Hanne Sickel Anne Sverdrup-Thygeson Vigdis Vandvik Liv Guri Velle Per Arild Aarrestad Signe NybøSammendrag
Effective evidence-based nature conservation and habitat management relies on developing and refining our methodological toolbox for detecting critical ecological changes at an early stage. This requires not only optimizing the use and integration of evidence from available data, but also optimizing methods for dealing with imperfect knowledge and data deficiencies. For policy and management relevance, ecological data are often synthesized into indicators, which are assessed against reference levels and limit values. Here we explore challenges and opportunities in defining ecological condition in relation to a reference condition reflecting intact ecosystems, as well as setting limit values for good ecological condition, linked to critical ecological thresholds in dose–response relationships between pressures and condition variables. These two concepts have been widely studied and implemented in aquatic sciences, but rarely in terrestrial systems. In this paper, we address practical considerations, theoretical challenges and possible solutions using different approaches to determine reference and limit values for good ecological condition in terrestrial ecosystems, based on empirical experiences from a case study in central Norway. We present five approaches for setting indicator reference values for intact ecosystems: absolute biophysical boundaries, reference areas, reference communities, ecosystem dynamics based models, and habitat availability based models. We further present four approaches for identifying indicator limit values for good ecological condition: empirically estimated values, statistical distributions, assumed linear relationships, and expert judgement-based limits. This exercise highlights the versatile and robust nature of ecological condition assessments based on reference and limit values for different management purposes, for situations where knowledge of the underlying relationships is lacking, and for situations limited by data availability. Ecological condition Index Management Reference condition Terrestrial
Forfattere
Robert Jankowiak Halvor Solheim Piotr Bilański Seonju Marincowitz Michael J. WingfieldSammendrag
During surveys of insect-associated mycobiomes in Norway, Poland, and Russia, isolates with affinity to Graphilbum (Ophiostomatales, Ascomycota) were recovered. In this study, eight known Graphilbum species as well as the newly collected isolates were compared based on morphology and DNA sequence data for four gene regions. The results revealed seven new species, described here as G. acuminatum, G. carpaticum, G. curvidentis, G. furuicola, G. gorcense, G. interstitiale, and G. sexdentatum. In addition to these species, G. crescericum and G. sparsum were commonly found in Norway. All new species were recovered from conifers in association with bark beetles, cerambycid beetles, and weevils and were morphologically similar, predominantly with pesotum-like asexual morphs. Where sexual morphs were present, these were small ascomata with short necks and rodshaped ascospores having hyaline sheaths. The results suggest that Graphilbum species are common members of the Ophiostomatales in conifer ecosystems.
Forfattere
Hermine Mitter Anja-K. Techen Franz Sinabell Katharina Helming Erwin Schmid Benjamin Leon Bodirsky Ian Holman Kasper Kok Heikki Lehtonen Adrian Leip Chantal Le Mouel Erik Mathijs Bano Mehdi Klaus Mittenzwei Olivier Mora Knut Øistad Lillian Øygarden Jörg A. Priess Pytrik Reidsma Rüdiger Schaldach Martin SchönhartSammendrag
Scenarios describe plausible and internally consistent views of the future. They can be used by scientists, policymakers and entrepreneurs to explore the challenges of global environmental change given an appropriate level of spatial and sectoral detail and systematic development. We followed a nine-step protocol to extend and enrich a set of global scenarios – the Shared Socio-economic Pathways (SSPs) – providing regional and sectoral detail for European agriculture and food systems using a one-to-one nesting participatory approach. The resulting five Eur-Agri-SSPs are titled (1) Agriculture on sustainable paths, (2) Agriculture on established paths, (3) Agriculture on separated paths, (4) Agriculture on unequal paths, and (5) Agriculture on high-tech paths. They describe alternative plausible qualitative evolutions of multiple drivers of particular importance and high uncertainty for European agriculture and food systems. The added value of the protocol-based storyline development process lies in the conceptual and methodological transparency and rigor; the stakeholder driven selection of the storyline elements; and consistency checks within and between the storylines. Compared to the global SSPs, the five Eur-Agri-SSPs provide rich thematic and regional details and are thus a solid basis for integrated assessments of agriculture and food systems and their response to future socio-economic and environmental changes.
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
Etter oppdrag fra Statens vegvesen har NIBIO utført forundersøkelser av fisk og inntrengning av saltvann i Hølenelva. Undersøkelsene har blitt utført i perioden mai-september 2020. Gjennomførte undersøkelser dokumenterte periodisk saltvannsinntrengning opp til Hølendalen bruer. Brakkvannsområdet under bruene er derfor ikke gyte- og oppvekstområde for sjøørret og laks. Større ungfisk vil kunne utnytte området til næringssøk. Fiskeundersøkelsene på to stasjoner i Hølenelva viste høy tetthet av laks- og sjøørretunger. Med basis i gjennomførte undersøkelser, kunnskap om laks- og sjøørret i mindre elver på Østlandet samt informasjon om planlagte sikringsarbeider, er det gitt råd og vurderinger for å gjøre anleggsgjennomføringen så skånsom som mulig for fisk og andre vannlevende organismer.