Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2024
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Forfattere
Zahra Bitarafan Wiktoria Kaczmarek-Derda Therese With Berge Carl Emil Øyri Inger Sundheim FløistadSammendrag
BACKGROUND As regulations on pesticides become more stringent, it is likely that there will be interest in steam as an alternative approach for soil disinfestation. This study investigates the feasibility of utilizing a soil steaming device for thermal control of invasive plants. RESULTS Seeds of Echinochloa crus-galli, Impatiens glandulifera, Solidago canadensis, and rhizome fragments of Reynoutria × bohemica were examined for thermal sensitivity through two exposure methods: (1) steam treatment of propagative material in soil; (2) exposure of propagative material to warm soil just after heated by steam. Soil temperatures in the range of 60–99 °C and dwelling period of 3 min were tested. Increased soil temperature decreased seed germination/rhizome sprouting. The exposure method had a significant effect where higher temperatures were needed to reduce the seed germination/rhizome sprouting in method 2 explained by the effect of extra heat given in method 1. Using method 1, for E. crus-galli and S. canadensis, the maximum mean temperature of approximately 80 °C was enough to achieve the effective weed control level (90%). This was lower for I. glandulifera and higher for R. × bohemica. Using method 2, 90% control was achieved at 95 °C for S. canadensis; more than 115 °C for I. glandulifera; and more than 130 °C for E. crus-galli and R. × bohemica. CONCLUSION Our findings showed a promising mortality rate for weeds propagative materials through soil steaming. However, the species showed varying responses to heat and therefore steam regulation should be based on the differences in weeds' susceptibility to heat.
Sammendrag
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Forfattere
Ritter Atoundem Guimapi Berit Nordskog Anne-Grete Roer Hjelkrem Ingeborg Klingen Ghislain Tchoromi Tepa-Yotto Manuele Tamò Karl ThunesSammendrag
The fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda, situation in Africa remains a priority threat despite significant efforts made since the first outbreaks in 2016 to control the pest and thereby reduce yield losses. Field surveys in Benin and Mali reported that approximately one-week post-emergence of maize plants, the presence of fall armyworm (egg/neonates) could be observed in the field. Scouting for fall armyworm eggs and neonates is, however, difficult and time consuming. In this study, we therefore hypothesized that the optimum timeframe for the fall armyworm female arriving to lay eggs in sown maize fields could be predicted. We did this by back-calculating from interval censored data of egg and neonates collected in emerging maize seedlings at young leaf developmental stage. Early time of ovipositing fall armyworm after sowing was recorded in field experiments. By using temperature-based models to predict phenological development for maize and fall armyworm, combined with analytical approaches for time-to-event data with censored status, we estimated that about 210 accumulated Degree Days (DD) is needed for early detection of neonate larvae in the field. This work is meant to provide new insights on timely pest detection and to guide for precise timing of control measures.
Sammendrag
I denne rapporten presenteres resultater fra validering av VIPS-Ugras i vårkorn og biologisk veiledningsprøving av ugrasmidler mot ugras i potet på friland, til nedvisning av potetris, mot ugras i gulrot og rotpersille (ulike strategier), og mot ugras i kålrot og rødbete (enkle screeningforsøk).
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