Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2025
Forfattere
Tove Vaaje-KolstadSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Till SeehusenSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Ralf RautenbergerSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Kvam, Thea MarieSammendrag
Norske utmarksarealer trues av gjengroing, som en følge av endret bruk sammenlignet med tidligere tider. Dette vil få konsekvenser for både plantemangfold og beitekvaliteten i utmarka. Denne studien undersøker hvordan fravær av beitedyr påvirker artsrikdom, artssammensetning og beitekvalitet i utmarka, i vegetasjon med ulikt kalkinnhold i berggrunnen. Studien ble utført i tre regioner i Sør-Norge, i tidsrommet 2021-2024. Vegetasjonen ble undersøkt gjennom ruteanalyser og biomasseprøver, og det ble gjennomført intervjuer med grunneiere om nåværende og historisk bruk av arealene. Resultatene fra vegetasjon på kalkrik berggrunn viste at fravær av beitedyr endret artssammensetning, ved at graminider og engarter ble utkonkurrert av vedvekster og høgvokste urter, både i antall arter og mengde (biomasse). Dette førte til en betydelig reduksjon av beitekvaliteten, i hovedsak fordi biomassen av graminider ble redusert. Artsrikdom responderte lite på fravær av beitedyr i kalkrike områder. I vegetasjon på kalkfattig berggrunn var artsrikdommen høgere i ubeita vegetasjon, verken artssammensetning eller beitekvaliteten viste noen tydelig endring ved fravær av beitedyr. Vegetasjon med intermediært kalkinnhold i berggrunnen responderte lite på beitefravær, men var dårlig egna for sammenligning på grunn av lokaliteter med ulik fuktighet. Informasjon fra intervjuer viste at utmarksbruken hadde endret seg sammenlignet med tidligere på samtlige studieområder, som var årsaken til at de fleste av arealene var i ferd med å gro igjen, selv med beitedyr til stede. Studien indikerte at vegetasjon på kalkrik berggrunn endret seg mest ved fravær av beitedyr, og videre at denne vegetasjonstypen bør prioriteres i forvaltningen av verdifullt biologisk mangfold og beiteressurser i den norske utmarka. En pågående gjengroing er en indikasjon på at det haster å sette i gang restaureringstiltak for å bevare utmarksarealene, særlig på kalkrik berggrunn. Få norske studier er så langt gjort på hvordan vegetasjonstyper med ulikt kalkinnhold i berggrunnen responderer på fravær av beite, og denne studien er et viktig bidrag for å øke kunnskapsgrunnlaget.
Forfattere
Lindner, Hanna NoemiSammendrag
Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (PGRFA) have declined drastically in recent decades, leaving the food system in a vulnerable state. In Norway, vegetable production relies heavily on imported seeds, which places the country in a fragile position regarding seed preparedness. To address this challenge, varieties adapted to Norway’s climatic and environmental conditions are needed, with landraces, characterized by their high genetic diversity, being particularly important. This case study applies a commoning approach to explore the role of KVANN, a Norwegian Community Seed Bank (CSB) together with the wider community of hobby gardeners, in facilitating access to seeds. The study combined 8 semi-structured interviews, two days participatory observation at a KVANN-seminar, and a questionnaire to hobby gardeners in Norway. Results indicate that although seed exchange is not the primary source of seeds and occurs only occasionally, these practices nonetheless impact management of plant genetic diversity, enable knowledge exchange and nurture trust in the community. By highlighting these dynamics, this case study contributes to the wider literature, revealing the important role hobby gardeners in Norway play in managing plant genetic diversity through seed and knowledge exchange. This is achieved by taking collective responsibility, collaboration with other actors in the seed system, and building trust among hobby gardeners. Ultimately, this thesis suggests that hobby gardeners, with KVANN as a central driver, can enhance access to diverse plant genetic resources and thereby contribute to seed-preparedness in Norway.
Sammendrag
Tonnevis med fullt brukbare byggmaterialer havner på søpla. Snart får Kristiansand en ny ombrukshub.
Forfattere
Mikarlsen, NoraSammendrag
Pest control is a central part of modern strawberry farming. Spider mites are one of the most common pests in strawberries, and can cause significant reduction in yield. In order to properly manage and control spider mite populations, early detection is crucial. This thesis sets out to detect two-spotted spider mites (TSSM) in strawberries using hyperspectral imaging (HSI). A variety of methods have explored including visual inspection of the spectrum and its derivatives, as well as the use of vegetation indices (VIs). In addition, this thesis also explores machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) for early detection of TSSM. The mean spectrum from the images was used for classification in combination with Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) and Random Forest Classifier. Two separate Random Forest models were trained, one that distinguished between control, drought, and mite-infested strawberry plants, and one five-class with three different infestation levels, in addition to control and drought group. The three-class model achieved an F1-score of 0.86, while the five-class model had an F1-score of 0.845. The images themselves were used for classification by a ResNet18 model. The model was trained for each imaging day separately, and achieved accuracies in the range of 0.7-0.9 and F1-scores between 0.709-0.903. The work presented in this thesis highlights the capabilities of HSI in combination with ML and DL for early detection of TSSM in strawberries.
Forfattere
Hannah Rivedal Todd N. Temple Robert J. Starchvick Joseph P. Gallagher Dustin W. Herb Jason Crisp Nicole Anderson Tatiana Benedetti Amy B. PeetzSammendrag
Oregon’s grass seed industry specialises in producing forage grasses including annual ryegrass (ARG, Lolium multiflorum), a host for the seed gall nematode (SGN, Anguina funesta). SGN causes yieldlimiting seed galls and are strictly regulated in international trade. From 2019 to 2020, over 500 metric tons of Oregon ARG seed were rejected from international ports due to SGN detection. A 2022 field survey of 22 ARG fields in the Willamette Valley of Oregon resulted in SGN detection in 50% of the fields throughout the growing season. Several approaches managing SGN are under evaluation. Previous reports indicate that there may be genetic resistance to SGN in other Lolium species. Therefore, a breeding population of 240 public accessions of L. multiflorum have been seeded with two seed galls and planted in the field. Seed were harvested to evaluate for galls in July 2025 and to identify potential resistant families for future study. To date, no nematicides are labelled for the control of SGN. Varied fluopyram timings and rates, as well as an untreated control, are being evaluated in the field with and without growth regulation for SGN control. Seed yield and galled seed data was collected showing limited differences between treatments. Cultural control methods are also being considered, including seed cleaning and utilizing high energy pulses on seed galls. Preliminary data suggests that these could be viable treatments to reduce SGN inoculum. Successful control options for the SGN in ARG seed production are important to reduce the spread of this nematode globally and maintain healthy forage production.
Forfattere
Seth Dorman Darrin Walenta Navneet Kaur Hannah Rivedal Nicole AndersonSammendrag
Successful mitigation of agricultural insect pests depends on integrated pest management practices incorporating multiple techniques for effective population management below economically damaging levels. Pest surveillance remains the cornerstone of IPM programs, enabling appropriately timed management action. Phenological models using weather data are commonly used as decision support tools to predict the timing of ‘when’ economically important life stages are expected to occur. Furthermore, geostatistical models that consider landscape-level variation in environmental drivers of pest densities may inform ‘where’ outbreaks are expected to occur along spatial gradients of abiotic and biotic risk factors. Thus, predictors of pest populations can be leveraged to generate spatiotemporal risk assessments. Migratory and overwintering moth species in the family Noctuidae (order Lepidoptera) comprise a complex of serious pests that threaten the profitability of grasses grown for seed in the Willamette Valley, Oregon, USA, as well as seed production globally. Noctuid pests, including black cutworm, true armyworm, and winter cutworm, inflict crop damage by direct feeding on plant crowns and roots in the larval developmental stage. Management action with foliar insecticides is most effective when larvae are immature (early instar stage) due to insecticide susceptibility and pest behaviour. For noctuid pests (and other priority pests) in grass seed systems, real-time phenological models can provide field practitioners with information to better allocate pest monitoring and management resources to reduce input costs.