Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2025
Forfattere
Marco Canicattì Junxiang Peng Ignacio Ciampitti Mariangela Vallone Davide CammaranoSammendrag
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EMF significantly enhance conifer growth under diverse experimental conditions. EMF effects on conifer stress resistance were not statistically significant. Field studies on EMF-conifer interactions remain scarce and needed.
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Forfattere
Tomáš Hlásny Michaela Perunová Roman Modlinger Max Blake Gediminas Brazaitis György Csóka Maarten de Groot Mihai-Leonard Duduman Massimo Faccoli Margarita Georgieva Georgi Georgiev Wojciech Grodzki Henrik Hartmann Anikó Hirka Gernot Hoch Hervé Jactel Mats Jonsell Marija Kolšek Paal Krokene Markus Melin Slobodan Milanović Bjørn Økland Milan Pernek Gilles San Martin Martin Schroeder Rupert Seidl Jozef Vakula Tiina YliojaSammendrag
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Sammendrag
Nature-based solutions (NBS) have been broadly adopted to strengthen water and wastewater sanitation by effectively removing microbial pollutants and limiting significant health risks to aquatic environments and humans. However, temporal variations of pathogen removal efficiencies in NBS and the specific link with faecal pollutants remain understudied. In this study, a Norwegian urban NBS operating as a nature-based treatment system (NBTS) for water purification was monitored on pathogen removal capacities and faecal source tracking through a 1-year study. Applying coupled molecular analyses, i.e., pathogen molecular detection and genetic microbial source tracking, enabled the systemic assessment of this NBTS’s remediation performance while unveiling the intrinsic link between pathogen prevalence and the faecal pollution sources. Notably, the system exhibited stronger pathogen attenuation activity on Enterococcus faecalis, Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, Clostridium perfringens, and Legionella pneumophila (linked closely to human origin in the studied NBTS) than Shigella species and Giardia lamblia sourced mainly from animals. Moreover, the studied system displayed temporal dynamics of its functioning. As such, more fluctuations often occurred in cold months than in the warm period and under varying impacts of measured environmental conditions (i.e., water temperature, pH, electrical conductivity, dissolved oxygen, total dissolved solids, salinity, and oxidation reduction potential). Collectively, the findings of this study consolidate the functional potential of NBS in combating the microbial pollution that results specifically from waterborne enteric pathogens in a tight link with faecal contamination. The disclosed performance seasonality also calls for extra consideration for better-informed system management and remediation enhancement. Last but not least, the holistic study outcomes underscored the explicit value of applying complementary molecular approaches to achieve deeper insights into the functional status of a target NBS over time.
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Purpose: Rice production in paddy soil is important for food security, and nitrogen fertilisation is important to achieve high yields. Digestate, the organic rest from biogas production can be a good fertilizer, but relatively little is known about its use in paddy soil, which is investigated here. Method: Nitrogen transformations and rice growth in soil waterlogged and at field capacity after application of digestate and digestate products were assessed in a pot experiment. Nitrogen transformations and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions with the same digestates were also assessed in an incubation. Results: One of the tested digestates had as good fertilizer effect as urea. Nitrogen transformations went mostly as expected under given water status, but digestates were more affected by waterlogging than urea. Some instability appeared about 10 days after fertilizer application. Then nitrite levels were high, responsive microbial populations peaked and N2O emissions started. Whilst emissions after mineral fertilizer application (urea) were not affected by waterlogging, emission after application of one of the examined digestate was high at field capacity but almost zero under waterlogging. N2O emissions from all other digestate and water treatments were also low. Conclusion: Digestates have great potential as organic fertilizers in rice production, but N2O emissions under aerobic soil conditions are of concern and warrants further investigation and mitigation strategy.
Forfattere
Gry Alfredsen Michael Altgen Mari S. Austigard Johan Mattsson Maria Nunez Lone Ross Sverre Aarseth Tunstad Andreas Treu Igor A. Yakovlev Nanna Bjerregaard PedersenSammendrag
Abstract This study uses a novel combination of DNA metabarcoding, light microscopy, decay rating, moisture dynamics, and chemical analysis to investigate wood decay in cultural heritage cable car pylons in Svalbard. Uniform design but varying ages allowed analysis of time-dependent decay. Light microscopy revealed the use of both Picea abies and Pinus sylvestris . Decay progressed more rapidly near ground contact, influencing density, lignin, and holocellulose content, with lignin increasing over time. DNA metabarcoding and microscopy revealed dominant brown and soft rot fungi, with greater fungal diversity near ground level. Several new fungal species were identified for Svalbard and the polar regions. In the context of climate change, this highlights the global importance of monitoring fungal decay in wooden structures. The study emphasises the need for updated species lists and continuous monitoring, as new fungi may affect conservation strategies. The interdisciplinary method offers deeper insight into microbial interactions than single-method approaches.
Forfattere
Elena Arrigoni Ruairi Hafferty-Hay Pino-Raquel Bodas Liv Guri Velle Kerry Bradshaw Zeren Yang Amanda Cooper Tim Wilkinson Jeffrey G. Duckett Silvia Pressel Rachael Howlett Justin Moat Susan Zappala Martin I. Bidartondo Laura M. Suz Jill KowalSammendrag
Heathlands are among the most iconic habitats in Northern Europe, with 20% of the world’s total area in the UK. Their wide, open landscape is dominated by low-growing Ericaceae shrubs and associated ericoid mycorrhizal (ErM) fungi on nutrient poor, acidic, dry or waterlogged, organic soils. ErM fungi enable N and phosphorus uptake by their plant hosts in exchange for carbon, playing a crucial role in nutrient cycling and contributing to carbon stocks. These fungi also form intimate associations with the rhizoids of several leafy liverworts, including the widespread heathland liverwort Cephaloziella divaricata. In the 20th Century, nitrogen (N) pollution alongside urbanisation and tree encroachment, have severely impacted heathlands, contributing to their sharp decline. The effects of N pollution on heathland vegetation are well documented, with useful indicators including lichens and bryophytes. However, little is known about how the soil microbiome, including mycorrhizal-forming fungi, is impacted by N pollution. Also lacking is understanding of how heathland might recover; with N pollution now declining across parts of Europe, there is demand from managers and policymakers for novel indicators of heathland recovery. Our research investigates responses of ErM fungi to, and recovery from N pollution, and evaluates their suitability as recovery indicators. 18In 2021, we reinstated a dormant experiment in a dry heathland at Thursley National Nature Reserve (Surrey, UK) where N additions ceased in 2010. Results showed lingering effects of N additions on heather vegetation, moss ground cover, lichen communities, soil chemistry and soil fungal communities, while a negative trend was observed in root ErM colonisation in N-treated plots. In 2023, we established thirty new plots, 15 fertilised with 30 kg/ha of ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3), and 15 as controls. To account for plant age, 20 plots were located within mature C. vulgaris stands, and 10 on pioneer vegetation (wildfires occurred in 2006 and 2020, respectively). Combining eDNA techniques and microscopy, we are monitoring ErM root and rhizoid colonisation in C. vulgaris and C. divaricata respectfully, diversity of fungal communities in roots and soil, and soil fungal biomass. A lichen survey was conducted to assess differences in postfire recovery. Vegetation structure and biomass changes are monitored with LiDAR, RGB and multispectral drone imaging to develop a complementary carbon calculation method. We also sampled six coastal heathlands in Norway, along a south-north N deposition gradient (1-6 kg N/ha/yr), and a comparable wet heathland at Thursley (13 kg N/ha/yr) to investigate potential mycorrhizal indicators of healthy heathlands below the N critical load. Preliminary results show ErM fungi are more diverse than expected, with ongoing analyses linking root colonisation to N deposition and climate data to understand heathland recovery and identify potential nitrophilic and nitrophobic ErM fungi as recovery indicators.
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In this study the effects of growing annual and perennial plant species in five growing media blends; one peat-based, two peat-reduced and two peat-free. Three main components were used in the blends: sphagnum peat (P-Soil (PS), Wood fiber substrate (WFS), Peat reduced blend (PRB)), coarse wood fiber (Fibergrow®) of Norway spruce (Picea abiens) (WFS, PRB, Circle soil (Circle), PFB) and garden/park waste-based compost (Circle, PRB, PFB). The peat-based reference (P-Soil) contained 10 vol.% composted bark in addition to sphagnum peat. pH in the blends ranged from 5.1 to 6.4. Both annual and perennial plants were tested in the five blends, and large differences in growth and vitality of plants grown in the different blends were observed. The performance of most plant species grown in Circle, PRB and PFB was characterized as satisfactory, while P-Soil gave the best results and was used as reference as it is commonly used in the plant nursery. Plants grown in WFS showed generally weak growth and the plant growth was characterized as unsatisfactory. However, WFS and PRB performed satisfactory to seedlings of Rhododentron uniflorum, while Circle and PFB failed to give satisfactory growth of rhododendron seedlings. Although all blends were basic fertilized with different types of compound mineral fertilizers, chemical analyses showed significantly lower concentrations of CAT-soluble plant nutrients in WFS compared to the other blends. N-immobilization during storage in plastic bags may have occurred for WFS, which has very high C/N-ratio. In the blends with compost and Fibergrow® the expected levels of mineral N were found, and no N-immobilization occurred. In the blends with compost almost all mineral N was present as nitrate-N, while ammonium-N dominated in P-Soil. There were no large differences in root development between the five blends, and the root growth in WFS was good despite significantly smaller plants than in the other blends.