Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2020
Forfattere
Leonardo H. Teixeira Brunno F. Oliveira Franz-Sebastian Krah Johannes Kollmann Gislene GanadeSammendrag
Understanding the role plant species play on ecosystems is fundamental for restoration programs, particularly in semi-arid areas because land-use intensification combined with critical droughts has resulted in widespread desertification. Here, we evaluate 15 species of native trees for restoring degraded areas in the Brazilian semi-arid region on the basis of the suitability of their functional traits to ecosystem multifunctionality. To do so, we performed a short-term greenhouse experiment using saplings to estimate the importance of above- and below-ground traits in modulating soil and water quality. Above-ground traits yielded stronger effects on soil and water quality than below-ground traits. Above-ground biomass held the strongest positive effect on ecosystem multifunctionality, being the most beneficial attribute for the soil functions assessed. Thus, plants holding high biomass production should be preferentially selected for restoration in semi-arid regions.
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Paul Eric AspholmSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Matthias KoeslingSammendrag
Innføring i bruk av livsløpsanalyser for å vurdere bærekraftig matproduksjon.
Forfattere
Matthias KoeslingSammendrag
Innføring i bruk av livsløpsanalyse for å vurdere bærekraftig matproduksjon; del II
Sammendrag
This article focus is on the perceived impact that aquaculture industry has on coastal communities in Northern Norway. Here, aquaculture is key industry with natural, social and economic impacts. In natural resource management in general, identifying and monitoring the perceived social impacts can be a useful tool for local planning. In order to ensure the blue growth goals of the Norwegian government and avoid conflict and mistrust in the future, it is important to understand how both the general public and stakeholders perceive the aquaculture industry, how it affects them and its use of space in the coastal zone. Hence, we ask a) how do coastal communities perceive the aquaculture industry and b) is there a legitimacy gap between the blue growth strategies of the Norwegian Government and the public? In order to answer these questions, we lean on theories related to legitimacy and stakeholder's participation. Original data were collected from structured (N = 150) and semi-structured interviews (N = 10) in two coastal communities in Northern Norway (Alstahaug and Brønnøy). Our findings suggest that a legitimacy gap does exist between blue growth goals and fishers in the communities studied, while the general citizen holds a positive attitude towards aquaculture. Insights from this study are useful for local, regional and national decision makers with responsibility for natural resource policies and development efforts.
Sammendrag
Denne undersøkelsen er gjennomført innenfor rammen for Interreg-prosjektet «Biologisk kulturarv som bærekraftig verdiskaper». Prosjektet har fokusert på det potensialet som småskala produsenter har i å synliggjøre de natur- og kulturverdiene som er koblet denne typen matproduksjon. Forbrukerundersøkelsen som presenteres i denne rapporten ble gjennomført ved to utsalgssteder i Sverige og to i Norge. I Sverige foregikk spørreundersøkelsen i Gävleborgs län, ved matfestivalen Moläta i Järvsö og ved setra Svedbovallen like utenfor Järvsö. I Norge ble den samme undersøkelsen gjennomført i Trøndelag, ved Eggjenseteren i Snåsa og ved Mathallen Smak og Behag i Oppdal. Undersøkelsen ble gjennomført som en kombinasjon av spørreskjema og oppfølgende intervju. I tillegg er også resultater fra en pilotstudie ved Gregoriemarknaden i Sverige diskutert i rapporten. Forbrukerundersøkelsen fokuserer på fire hovedtemaer: a) hvordan informanten/kunden ser på denne type bedrifter (företag) og hva de setter pris på ved besøket, b) hva kunden assosierer med det å handle slike lokale matprodukter, c) hvilke naturverdier og biologisk kulturarv de assosierer slike produkter med, d) hvilken bakgrunn kunden/informanten har...
Forfattere
Hege UlfengSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
Microbes are central drivers of soil processes and in-depth knowledge on how agricultural management practices effects the soil microbiome is essential in the development of sustainable food production systems. Our objective was therefore to explore the long-term effects of organic and conventional cropping systems on soil bacterial and fungal quantity, their community structures and their combined function. To do so, we sampled soil from a long-term experiment in Southeast Norway in 2014, 25 years after the experiment was established, and performed a range of microbial analyses on the samples. The experiment consists of six cropping systems with differences in crop rotations, soil tillage, and with nutrient application regimes covering inorganic fertilizers, cattle slurry (both separately and combined with inorganic fertilizers) and biogas residues from digested household biowaste. The quantity of soil microbes was assessed by extraction of microbial C and N and by analysis of soil DNA (bacterial 16S rRNA, and fungal rRNA internal transcribed spacer region). The structures of the microbial communities were determined and assessment of relatedness of bacterial and fungal communities was done by the unweighted pair group method. Estimates of richness and diversity were based on numbers of unique operational taxonomic units from DNA sequencing and the function of the microbial assembly was measured by means of enzyme assays. Our results showed that production systems including leys had higher microbial biomass and higher numbers of bacterial and fungal gene copies than did systems with cash crops only. A cropping system which appeared to be particularly unfavourable was a reference-system where stubble, roots and exudates were the single source of organic material. Production system significantly affected both bacterial and fungal community structures in the soil. Systems including leys and organic fertilization had higher enzyme activities than did systems with cash crops only. An inclusion of ley in the rotation did not, however, increase either microbial richness or microbial diversity. In fact, the otherwise suboptimal reference-system appeared to have a richness and diversity of both bacteria and fungi at levels similar to those of the other cropping systems, indicating that the microbial function is largely maintained under less favourable agricultural treatments because of the general resilience of soil microorganisms to various stresses. Neither disturbance through tillage nor the use of chemical fertilizer or chemical plant protection measures seemed as such to influence soil microbial communities. Thus, no differences between conventional and organic farming practices as such were found. We conclude that the choice of agricultural management determines the actual microbial community structure, but that biodiversity in general is almost unaffected by cropping system over many years. Adequate addition of organic material is essential to ensure a properly functioning microbial ensemble and, thus, to secure soil structure and fertility over time.