Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2009
Sammendrag
Intensive forest monitoring in 2008. Results from ICP Forests Level 2 plots in Norway
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
There is a need to establish new objective and sensitive methods for early detection and quantification of decay fungi in wood materials. Molecular methods have proven to be a useful tool within wood protection issues, however, this field is still poorly explored and so far relatively few have used these methods within the field of wood deterioration. Among the techniques used in the indirect quantification of fungi in decayed wood and building material are chitin and ergosterol assays. DNA-based methods are rarely used for identification in connection with quantification. Access to knowledge about fungal colonisation paterns in different wood substrates would allow further improvement of new products. The aim of this study was to investigate the colonisation pattern of decay fungi in wood samples after six years in soil exposure, in an EN252 test.....
Forfattere
Anne Kjersti Bakken Lars Olav Brandsæter Ragnar Eltun Sissel Hansen Kjell Mangerud Reidun Pommeresche Hugh RileySammendrag
The relative effects of using light (2-3 Mg) versus heavier (5-7 Mg) tractors, shallow (15 cm) versus deeper (25 cm) ploughing and on-land versus in-furrow wheel placement during ploughing were investigated from 2003 to 2006 in organic rotations (wheat or barley, green manure, oats with peas) and conventionally fertilized barley. Trials were located on loam soil in south-eastern Norway and silty clay loam in central Norway. Ploughing was performed in spring, when the topsoil moisture content was at or below field capacity, using single furrow ploughs that allowed alternative wheel placement and resulted in complete coverage of the surface by wheels each year (ca. 3 times the normal coverage during ploughing). Low tyre inflation pressures (:<= 80 kPa) were used throughout. The use of a heavy tractor increased topsoil bulk density slightly in the loam soil, and, in combination with in-furrow wheeling, it reduced air-filled pore space and air permeability at 18-22 cm. On the silty clay loam, the use of a heavy tractor did not increase bulk density, but it reduced air-filled pore space throughout the topsoil. In-furrow wheeling reduced air-filled pore space in this soil also, compared to on-land wheeling. Penetration resistance was in this soil always greater at 15-25 cm depth after shallow than after deep ploughing, especially with in-furrow rather than on-land wheeling. Shallow ploughing led on both soils to marked increases in perennial weed biomass compared to deep ploughing. Earthworms were hardly affected by the treatments, but in the loam in 2006 a higher number of individuals were found where the light rather than the heavy tractor had been used. Few significant treatment effects were found on grain yield and quality. Deep ploughing with a light tractor gave the highest wheat yield and protein content in 2 years on the loam soil, and on the silty clay loam the yield of conventionally fertilized barley was higher after deep than after shallow ploughing. In summary, limited evidence was found to support the use of on-land rather than in-furrow wheeling when ploughing is performed at favourable soil moisture and with tractor weights < 5 Mg. There is, however, reason to be wary of using heavy tractors (> 5 Mg), even under such conditions. With regard to ploughing depth in organic rotations dominated by cereals, the need to combat perennial weeds by deep ploughing weighs probably more heavily than any possible beneficial effect of shallow ploughing on stimulating nutrient turnover. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Forfattere
Hugh Riley Anne Kjersti Bakken Lars Olav Brandsæter Ragnar Eltun Sissel Hansen Kjell Mangerud Reidun PommerescheSammendrag
Effekter av traktorvekt, pløyedybde og kjøremåte under pløying ble undersøkt på to jordarter i et økologisk vekstskifte. Forsøksbehandlingene hadde relativt liten effekt på avling (sv. skörd), men djup pløying var ofte best bl.a. fordi det reduserte mengden rotugras. Både pløying med hjulene i fåra og bruk av tyngre traktorer hadde uheldige (sv. olyckliga) virkninger på jordstrukturen. Dekkdimensjoner,hjulbelastning og dekktrykk bør kombineres på en slik måte at jordpakking unngåsi dypere jordlag.
Sammendrag
Growth of Norway spruce (Picea abies) trees and nitrogen deposition were analysed at about 500 forest plots throughout Norway in six fiveyear periods from 1977 to 2006. Growth was calculated from five repeated calliper measurements of all trees during this period and using treering series from increment cores of a subsample of trees. From the growth data a `relative growth` variable was extracted, being the deviation in % between observed and expected growth rates. The expected growth was estimated from growth models based on site productivity, age and stand density at each plot. The plots were categorized into four age classes. The nitrogen deposition was estimated for each plot for the same five year periods by geographical interpolation of deposition observations at monitoring stations made by the Norwegian Institute for Air Research. Nitrogen deposition from 1977 to 2006 ranged from 1 to 24 kg/ha/yr at the study plots, with about 15 kg/ha/yr in the southernmost region and 3 kg/ha/yr in the northern region of Norway. For the entire 30year period we found a long term relationship between growth and nitrogen deposition, corresponding to a forest growth increase of 0.7% per kg total nitrogen deposition per hectare and year (r2 = 0.13). This is in line with studies carried out on other data sets and for shorter time periods. This apparent fertilizing effect was most pronounced for the youngest forest, while the effect was weak for the oldest forest. The growth increase was observed in the southernmost part of Norway, the region with the highest nitrogen deposition. However, the relationship between nitrogen deposition and growth varied considerably between the time periods. In two of the periods the relationship was slightly negative: these periods corresponded well with summer droughts occurring in the southernmost part of Norway. Drought, as well as other climatic factors, will influence the shortterm variations in forest growth and may obscure the fertilizing effect of nitrogen deposition in some periods. In conclusion, nitrogen deposition has most likely increased growth in Norway spruce in southern Norway. However, our study also shows that inferences from such correlative studies should be drawn with care if the growth period is shorter than 10–15 years because climatic factors produce temporal variations in the relationship between nitrogen deposition and forest growth.
Sammendrag
I årene fra 2004 til 2007 avtok kronetettheten for både gran, furu og bjørk etter en relativt stabil periode på slutten av 1990-tallet og en økning frem til år 2004. I 2008 ble det igjen registrert økende kronetetthet for alle treslagene. For kronefarge har tilstanden vært nokså stabil etter år 2000 med lite misfarging hos de undersøkte trærne. Kronetilstanden er betinget av en rekke faktorer og ulike stresspåvirkninger, slik som aldring, sjukdommer (eksempelvis ulike sopper), vekstbetingelser og klimastress (tørke og frost). Når trær skranter eller blir sjuke skyldes dette ofte et samspill av slike naturlige påvirkninger. De variasjonene vi har sett de siste årene skyldes ofte sopp- og insektskader som igjen er betinget av klimatiske forhold. Tilførsler av luftforurensninger kan komme i tillegg eller i samspill med disse påvirkningene. Bidraget fra forurensningene er vanskelig å fastslå fordi denne påvirkningen har vært svært liten i forhold til de andre påvirkningsfaktorene. I fremtiden vil eventuelle utslag av et endret klima trolig spille en større rolle. Resultater fra skogøkologiske undersøkelser viser at det er betydelige variasjoner fra år til år i enkelte målinger. Disse variasjonene ligger likevel innenfor det som er vanlig i boreal barskog.
2008
Forfattere
Sonja Klemsdal Heidi Udnes Aamot Erik Lysøe Jafar Razzaghian Oleif Elen Ingerd Skow Hofgaard Marika Jestoi Guro BrodalSammendrag
I to veksthusforsøk ble hvete og havre sprayinokulert under blomstring med en enkelt eller en blanding av flere Fusarium arter. De artene som ble studert var F. graminearum, F. culmorum, F. avenaceum, F. poae og F. langsethiae. Vi studerte i hvilken grad samspillet mellom artene påvirket etableringen og veksten av Fusarium, og også hvilken effekt dette hadde på mykotoksinproduksjonen.
Forfattere
Guro Brodal Oleif Nilsen Elen Ingerd Skow Hofgaard Heidi Udnes Aamot Erik Lysøe Sonja KlemsdalSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Guro Brodal Oleif Nilsen Elen Ingerd Skow Hofgaard Heidi Udnes Aamot Erik Lysøe Sonja KlemsdalSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag