Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2009
Sammendrag
Introduction: Current risk assessment procedures for contaminated land and for pesticides often fail to properly characterize the risk of chemicals for environment or human health and provide only a rough estimate of the potential risk of chemicals. Chemicals often occur in mixtures in the environment, while regulatory agencies often use a chemical-by-chemical approach, focusing on a single media, a single source, and a single toxic endpoint. Current concepts to estimate biological effects of chemical mixtures mainly rely on data available for single chemicals, disregarding interaction between chemicals in soils. The importance of soil microbes and their activity in the functioning of soils impose a need to include microorganisms in soil quality assessments (Winding et al., 2005) including terrestrial ecotoxicological studies. Numerous papers have been published on the effects of different contaminants on soil microbes, establishing changes in soil microbial diversity as an indicator of soil pollution, but only a limited number of molecular studies investigating fungal diversity in the environment have been performed. The main objective of the study presented here, is to assess the applicability of changes in soil microbial diversity and activity levels as indicators of ecologically relevant effects of chemicals contamination. We have studied the effects of the fungicide picoxystrobin and the chemical 4-n-nonylphenol, on the microbial biodiversity in a Norwegian sandy loam with focus both on prokaryotes and the fungal species. 4-n-nonylphenol is a chemical occurring in high amounts in sewage sludge, hence, these chemicals may occur as single chemicals as well as in mixtures in soils. This work is part of the research project ‘Bioavailability and biological effects of chemicals - Novel tools in risk assessment of mixtures in agricultural and contaminated soils" funded by the Norwegian research council.Methods: Soil samples were treated with the single chemicals or mixtures and incubated at 20°C. Continuous monitoring of respiration activity as well as occasional destructive sampling for extraction of soil DNA, RNA, and chemical residues was performed through a 70 d period. Amplification of soil bacterial and fungal DNA was followed by T-RFLP analysis to assess chemicals effects on soil microbial diversity. Further work will include analyses of extracted soil RNA to assess chemicals effects on important soil functions (e.g. nitrogen cycling, decomposition of organic matter) and an assessment of chemicals effects on the genetic diversity of the soil by high throughput shot-gun sequencing. Finally the results will be evaluated to assess the suitability of any specific group, species or activity/function as biomarker for the selected chemicals (and possibly their group of chemicals).Results and conclusions: A project outline and preliminary results from the project will be presented at the conference.ReferencesWinding A, Hund-Rinke K, Rutgers M (2005). The use of microorganisms in ecological soil classification and assessment concepts. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 62: 230-248.
Forfattere
Dag-Ragnar BlystadSammendrag
En presentasjon for Landbruks- og matdepartementet om virus, julestjerne og muligheter og risikoer som GMO-basert resistens mot plantevirus kan gi.
Forfattere
Dag-Ragnar BlystadSammendrag
Nye resultater angående frøoverføring og stammer av viruset fra EU-prosjektet Pepeira.
Forfattere
Dag-Ragnar Blystad Steen Lykke Nielsen Inge Hanssen Dimitrinka Hristova Ana Maria Nazaré Pereira Henryk Pospieszny Maja Ravnikar Laura Tomasolli Rick Mumford Christina Varveri René van der VlugtSammendrag
Pepinomosaikkvirus (Pepino mosaic virus, PepMV, slekt Potexvirus), er listet på EPPO’s “alert list” og blir vurdert som karantenevirus i flere europeiske land. Det har vært usikkerhet om hva som er viktige spredningsveier for dette viruset, og forskjellige land har praktisert ulikt med hensyn på forholdsregler og bekjempelsesstrategier.
Sammendrag
Plantevernleksikonet. Skadegjørere: Krysantemumvirus B Poinsettiamosaikkvirus Kalanchoë-mosaikkvirus Agurkmosaikkvirus TomataspermivirusFor hver skadegjører gis en oversikt over symptomer/skadevirkning, vertplanter, overlevelse og spredning og bekjempelse.
Sammendrag
Plantevernleksikonet. Skadegjørere: Potetvirus X Potetvirus M Potetvirus S Potetvirus A Potetvirus V Potetvirus Y Potetaucubamosaikkvirus PotetbladrullevirusFor hver skadegjører gis en oversikt over symptomer/skadevirkning, vertplanter, overlevelse og spredning og bekjempelse.
Sammendrag
In 1998 Plum pox virus (PPV) was detected for the first time in Norway. Virus symptoms were observed on several trees in a collection of plum cultivars at Njøs Research Station in the Sogn og Fjordane County in West Norway. The Norwegian Food Safety Authority and the Norwegian Crop Research Institute immediately started surveying other variety collections around the country, nuclear stock material and orchards in all important plum-growing areas. Since 1998 we have surveyed the main part of the commercial plum orchards in Norway. About 75 000 individual trees have been tested. About 1 % of the trees have been found infected by PPV. Only the PPV-D strain has been found. It is suspected that the main infection source was infected plums or apricots imported to Njøs around 1970 or earlier.In most plum orchards in Norway, the spread of PPV by aphids is relatively slow. Therefore, we expect to be able to eradicate PPV from commercial plum orchards in the near future.The eradication work is continuing.
Forfattere
Dag-Ragnar BlystadSammendrag
En presentasjon om virus i julestjerne, genmodifisering og arbeidet ved Bioforsk Plantehelse som har ført fram til virusresistente julestjerner
Forfattere
Line Emilie Sverdrup Christine Bjørge Ole Martin Eklo Ingeborg Klingen Torsten Källqvist Edgar Rivedal Erik Ropstad Janneche Utne Skåre Steinar ØvrebøSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Line Emilie Sverdrup Christine Bjørge Ole Martin Eklo Ingeborg Klingen Torsten Källqvist Edgar Rivedal Erik Ropstad Janneche Utne Skåre Steinar ØvrebøSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag