Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2017
Forfattere
Bjørn Arild Hatteland Elena Therese Wulf-Vester Ida Gundersen Nuria Agusti Lene Sigsgaard Nina TrandemSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Isabella Børja Volkmar Timmermann Ari Hietala Mari Mette Tollefsrud Nina Elisabeth Nagy Adam Vivian-Smith Hugh Cross Jørn Henrik Sønstebø Tor Myking Halvor SolheimSammendrag
In Norway the common ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.) has its northernmost distribution in Europe. It grows along the coastal range as small fragmented populations. The first occurrence of ash dieback caused by Hymenoscyphus fraxineus in Norway was reported in 2008. At that time, the disease had already spread through large areas of southern and south-eastern parts of Norway. Since then the disease continued spreading with a speed of about 50- 60 km per year along the western coastal range. To monitor the disease development over time, we established eight permanent monitoring plots in south-eastern and western Norway in 2009 and 2012, respectively. In all plots tree mortality was high, especially among the youngest trees in south-eastern Norway. The extent of crown damage has continually increased in all diameter classes for both regions. In 2009, 76.8 % of all trees on the five monitoring plots in south-eastern Norway were considered to be healthy or slightly damaged, and only 8.9 % to be severely damaged. In 2015, 51.7 % were dead, 13.5 % severely damaged and only 25.7 % remained healthy or slightly damaged. To assess the infection pressure and spore dispersal patterns of the pathogen, we used a Burkard volumetric spore sampler placed in an infested ash stand in southern Norway. We examined the airborne ascospores of H. fraxineus and H. albidus captured on the sampling tape microscopically and with real-time PCR assays specific to these fungi. We detected very few ascospores of H. albidus, whereas ascospores of H. fraxineus dominated throughout entire sampling periods of 2009, 2010 and 2011. Spore discharge occurred mainly between the hours of 5 and 8 a.m., though the distinctive sporulation had yearly variation between 5-7 a.m. We observed the same diurnal pattern throughout the entire sampling period, with a seasonal peak in spore liberation between mid-July and midAugust, after which the number of ascospores decreased substantially. Similar diurnal patterns were observed throughout the sampling period except that after mid-August the number of trapped ascospores substantially decreased. To compare the genetic pattern of common ash in the northern and central ranges of Europe we analyzed the Norwegian samples together with available samples from central Europe by using chloroplast and nuclear microsatellite markers. We found that the northern range of common ash was colonized via a single migration route that originated in eastern or south-eastern Europe with little influence originating from other southern or western European refugia. In the northern range margins, genetic diversity decreased and population differentiation increased, coherent with a post-glacial colonization history characterized by founder events and population fluctuations. Based on our findings we discuss the future management and conservational implications.
Forfattere
Marianne Stenrød Therese With Berge Ole Martin Eklo Alexander Melvold Engebretsen Andrea Ficke Valborg Kvakkestad Roar Lågbu Anne Prestvik Karen Refsgaard Divina Gracia P. Rodrigues Eivind Solbakken Jörn Strassemeyer Kirsten Tørresen Anne Falk ØgaardSammendrag
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Sammendrag
Creeping perennial weeds are of major concern in organically grown cereals. In the present study, the effects of different timing of mouldboard ploughing with or without a preceding stubble cultivation period, on weeds and spring cereals were studied. The experiments were conducted at two sites in Norway during a two and three-year period, respectively, with the treatments repeated on the same plots. The soil cultivation treatments were a stubble disc-harrowing cultivation period followed by mouldboard ploughing and only mouldboard ploughing. The timing of the treatments were autumn or spring. The density and biomass of the aboveground shoots of Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop., Elymus repens (L.) Gould, Sonchus arvensis L. and Stachys palustris L. as well as the total aboveground biomass of the spring cereal crop (oats) were assessed. The control efficiency of C. arvense and S. arvensis was closely related to timing of the cultivation treatments. Cultivation in spring decreased the population of C. arvense and S. arvensis compared to autumn cultivation. For E. repens, timing of the treatments had no significant effect: the important factor was whether stubble cultivation was carried out (best control) or not. The overall best strategy for controlling the present perennial weed population was stubble cultivation followed by ploughing in spring. However, the associated relative late sowing of the spring cereal crop and lowered crop biomass, were important drawbacks.
Sammendrag
Sommeren 2017 var litt varmere enn normalen ved de fleste av målestasjonene som er omtalt i denne artikkelen. Vårtemperaturen lå også høyere enn normalt de fleste steder i Sør-Norge, og betydelig over normalen i september langs kysten fra Bergen og nordover. Nedbørsummen for månedene mai til og med september varierte fra 71 til 149 % av normal nedbør. Mest nedbør ble registrert på Østlandet, Sørlandet og sørlige deler av Vestlandet. Minst nedbør i forhold til normalen ble målt ved stasjoner fra Trøndelag til Troms. Nedbørmengdene varierte mye over korte avstander om sommeren.
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Nina Johansen Carl Jonas Jorge Spetz Annette Folkedal Schjøll Tor J. Johansen Borghild GlorvigenSammendrag
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Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
We present the complete genome sequence of Luteibacter rhizovicinus type strain LJ96T, a yellow-pigmented gammaproteobacterium isolated from the rhizosphere of barley (Hordeum vulgare) Johansen et al. (2005) , a species with numerous potential applications. The genome sequence was deposited to NCBI GenBank with the accession number CP017480.
Sammendrag
Bakterien Xanthomonas fragariae kan gjøre stor skade på jordbærplanter. Den ødelegger bladene, og kan i tillegg gi stygge, skjemmende flekker på begerbladene slik at kvaliteten på bærene blir dårlig. Sjukdommen har hittil ikke blitt påvist i Norge. I mange land med stor jordbærproduksjon har sjukdommen mange ganger ført til store tap. For å dokumentere status for Xanthomonas fragariae i Norge ble det på oppdrag av Mattilsynet gjennomført en landsomfattende kartleggingsundersøkelse i 2013, 2014 og 2015. Oppfølging av OK programmet i 2016 la først og fremst vekt på testing hos bærprodusenter med etablerte felt basert på importerte jordbærplanter. Virksomheter som startet produksjon basert på importerte planter i 2015 hadde høyest prioritet. Det ble sendt inn og analysert totalt 241 prøver fra Mattilsynets kontorer for Region Stor-Oslo, Region Øst, Region Midt og Region Sør-Vest. Alle prøver ble undersøkt med den internasjonalt anbefalte og anerkjente analysemetoden real-time PCR. Xanthomonas fragariae ble ikke påvist i noen av prøvene. Det er derfor grunn til å anta at denne skadegjøreren ikke finnes i Norge.