Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2021
Forfattere
Marit Skuterud VennatrøSammendrag
Formålet med kartleggingsprogrammet «Skadegjørere i potet» er å få kunnskap om status med hensyn til forekomst av planteskadegjørerne lys ringråte (Clavibacter michigaensis spp.), mørk ringråte (Rastonia solancearum), rotgallnematodene Meloidogyne chitwoodi og M. fallax samt potetkreft (Synchytrium endobioticum) i norsk produksjon av mat- og industripotet. Denne rapporten omhandler status for rotgallnematodene. Rotgallnematoder (Meloidogyne spp.) er en stor gruppe obligate planteparasittære som finnes over hele verden. Skadene etter rotgallnematoder forringer både kvalitet og avling, og gir store avlingstap på verdensbasis. M. chitwoodi og M. fallax har mange vertsplanter, og er vanskelige å bekjempe dersom de etablerer seg. Derfor ansees disse artene som alvorlige planteskadegjørere, og som en trussel mot europeisk potet og gulrot produksjon. Både M. chitwoodi og M. fallax er påvist i Europa i begrenset omfang. Begge artene de senere årene funnet i Sverige. M. chitwoodi og M. fallax er ikke påvist i Norge, men det er risiko for at begge artene kan etablere seg og gjøre omfattende skade i norsk potet- og gulrotproduksjon….
Sammendrag
Nivået av granbarkbiller er økende for alle fylker i 2021, med unntak av Vest-Agder. Vestfold øker mest og har i år over 20 000 biller per felle i snitt, men billenivået er bare 69 % av nivået ved slutten av utbruddet på 1970-tallet og 75 % av nivået i 1994. Vestfold er også det området som har mest tørke- og barkbilleskader i år. Dette kan skyldes at mye tørkesvak mark har gitt ekstra mye svekkede grantrær etter tørkesommeren 2018. Videre kan en varm sommer ha gitt grunnlag for to angrepsperioder for barkbillene i stedet for en. Billenivået i øvrige fylker varierer fra 30 til 51 % av utbruddsnivået ved slutten av 1970-tallet. Det er noen skaderapporter fra kommuner i den boreonemorale sonen rundt Oslofjorden utenom Vestfold, men det er ofte uklart om skadene skyldes tørke eller barkbilleangrep. De boreale skogene i indre deler av Østlandet og i Trøndelag og Nordland har lite eller ingen tørke- og barkbilleskader i år. Videre utvikling av barkbillepopulasjoner og skader i 2022 er usikker, fordi vi ikke vet hvor mye skog som fortsatt er svekket etter tørkesommeren 2018 og som derfor kan angripes av granbarkbillen.
Sammendrag
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Forfattere
Owusu Fordjour Aidoo Sarah Cunze Ritter Atoundem Guimapi Linda Arhin Fred Kormla Ablormeti Elizabeth Tettey Frank Dampare Yayra Afram Osei Bonsu Joshua Obeng Hanif Lutuf Matthew Dickinson Ndede YankeySammendrag
Coconut is recognized for its popularity in contributing to food and nutritional security. It generates income and helps to improve rural livelihood. However, these benefits are constrained by lethal yellowing disease (LYD). A clear understanding of climate suitable areas for disease invasion is essential for implementing quarantine measures. Therefore, we used a machine learning algorithm based on maximum entropy to model and map habitat suitability of LYD and coconut under current and future climate change scenarios using three Shared Socio-economic Pathways (SSPs) (1.26, 3.70 and 5.85) for three time periods (2041–2060, 2061–2080 and 2081–2100). Outside its current range, the model projected habitat suitability of LYD in Australia, Asia and South America. The distribution of coconut exceeded that of LYD. The area under the curve value of 0.98 was recorded for LYD, whereas 0.87 was obtained for the coconut model. The predictor variables that most influenced LYD projections were minimum temperature of the coldest month (88.4%) and precipitation of the warmest quarter (7.3%), whereas minimum temperature of the coldest month (85.9%) and temperature seasonality (8.7%) contributed most to the coconut model. Our study highlights potential climate suitable areas of LYD and coconut, and provides useful information for increasing quarantine measures and developing resistant or tolerant coconut varieties against the disease. Also, our study establishes an approach to model the climatic suitability for surveillance and monitoring of the disease, especially in areas that the disease has not been reported.
Forfattere
Björn Ringselle Benedikte Watne Oliver Therese With Berge Inger Sundheim Fløistad Liv Berge Lars Olav BrandsæterSammendrag
Many herbaceous perennial plant species gain significant competitive advantages from their underground creeping storage and proliferation organs (CR), making them more likely to become successful weeds or invasive plants. To develop efficient control methods against such invasive or weedy creeping perennial plants, it is necessary to identify when the dry weight minimum of their CR (CR DWmin) occurs. Moreover, it is of interest to determine how the timing of CR DWmin differs in species with different light requirements at different light levels. The CR DWmin of Aegopodium podagraria, Elymus repens and Sonchus arvensis were studied in climate chambers under two light levels (100 and 250 μmol m−2 s−1), and Reynoutria japonica, R. sachaliensis and R. × bohemica under one light level (250 μmol m−2 s−1). Under 250 μmol m−2 s−1, the CR DWmin occurred before one fully developed leaf in R. sachaliensis, around 1–2 leaves in A. podagraria and E. repens and around four leaves in S. arvensis, R. japonica and R. × bohemica. In addition to reducing growth in all species, less light resulted in a higher shoot mass fraction in E. repens and S. arvensis, but not A. podagraria; and it delayed the CR DWmin in E. repens, but not S. arvensis. Only 65% of planted A. podagragra rhizomes produced shoots. Beyond the CR DWmin, Reynoutria spp. reinvested in their old CR, while the other species primarily produced new CR. We conclude that A. podagraria, R. sachaliensis and E. repens are vulnerable to control efforts at an earlier developmental stage than S. arvensis, R. japonica and R. × bohemica.
Sammendrag
Simple Summary: One of the main insect pests in protected strawberry production are thrips, but little is known about which species of thrips are present in the production system. In this study, we identified the thrips species of adults and larvae present in two strawberry cultivars at a commercial strawberry farm in Denmark. The most abundant species found were Frankliniella intonsa, followed by Thrips tabaci. The abundance of thrips peaked in July (temperature range 18–23 ◦C, mean humidity 65%, mean precipitation 5 mm). More thrips were found in the earlier flowering cultivar. In order to optimize control of thrips, a fundamental first step is knowing which species are present on the target crop. Abstract: Thrips are a major pest in protected strawberry production. Knowledge of thrips species composition could be instrumental for improved thrips management, but very little is known about which species are present in strawberries grown in high-tunnels in Denmark. Thrips (adults and larvae) were sampled in two strawberry tunnels of the cultivars Murano and Furore from May to August 2018, in the middle and in the edges of the tunnels. The most abundant thrips species found in the tunnels were Frankliniella intonsa and Thrips tabaci adults. Frankliniella intonsa were also the most frequently found species of the immatures sampled, followed by T. tabaci larvae, and other species. The number of thrips differed between the two cultivars, sampling times and location in the tunnel. Frankliniella intonsa was more abundant in the middle of the tunnels, while T. tabaci was more abundant in the edge of the tunnels adjacent to the field margins. The number of thrips peaked by the end of July. Both chemical and biological control should consider species composition and occurrence; hence, a fundamental first step for thrips management is to identify the species present on the target crop.
Forfattere
Yagut Allahverdiyeva Eva-Mari Aro Bert van Bavel Carlos Escudero-Oñate Christiane Funk Jarna Heinonen Lars Herfindal Peter Lindblad Sari Makinen Merja Penttilä Kaarina Sivonen Matilde Skogen Chauton Hanne Skomedal Jorunn SkjermoSammendrag
NordAqua is a multidisciplinary Nordic Center of Excellence funded by NordForsk Bioeconomy program (2017–2022). The research center promotes Blue Bioeconomy and endeavours to reform the use of natural resources in a environmentally sustainable way. In this short communication, we summarize particular outcomes of the consortium. The key research progress of NordAqua includes (1) improving of photosynthetisis, (2) developing novel photosynthetic cell factories that function in a “solar-driven direct CO2 capture to target bioproducts” mode, (3) promoting the diversity of Nordic cyanobacteria and algae as an abundant and resilient alternative for less sustainable forest biomass and for innovative production of biochemicals, and (4) improving the bio-based wastewater purification and nutrient recycling technologies to provide new tools for integrative circular economy platforms.
Sammendrag
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