Hanne Skomedal
Avdelingsleder
Sammendrag
Lys ringråte på potet, forårsaket av bakterien Clavibacter sepedonicus (Cs), har gjort mye skade i norsk potetproduksjon siden første påvisning i landet i 1964. Den er også grunnen til at man ikke kan eksportere poteter fra Norge. Siden 1965 har Norge hatt sitt eget, nasjonale regelverk for bekjempelse av bakterien. Man har tidligere ( før 1980) flere ganger uten hell forsøkt å utrydde sykdommen fra flere deler av landet. Dette fordi mangelen på en påvisningsmetode med tilstrekkelig sensitivitet den gangen gjorde det vanskelig å skaffe de nødvendige mengder sykdomsfrie settepoteter til utskiftingen...
Sammendrag
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Forfattere
Kari Skjånes Hanne Skomedal Giorgia Carnovale Volha Shapaval Achim Kohler Stig A. BorgvangSammendrag
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Forfattere
Hong Yang Lisa Paruch Xunji Chen Andre van Eerde Hanne Skomedal Yanliang Wang Di Liu Jihong Liu ClarkeSammendrag
To meet increasing demand for animal protein, swine have been raised in large Chinese farms widely, using antibiotics as growth promoter. However, improper use of antibiotics has caused serious environmental and health risks, in particular Antimicrobial resistance (AMR). This paper reviews the consumption of antibiotics in swine production as well as AMR and the development of novel antibiotics or alternatives in China. The estimated application of antibiotics in animal production in China accounted for about 84240 tons in 2013. Overuse and abuse of antibiotics pose a great health risk to people through food-borne antibiotic residues and selection for antibiotic resistance. China unveiled a national plan to tackle antibiotic resistance in August 2016, but more support is needed for the development of new antibiotics or alternatives like plant extracts. Antibiotic resistance has been a major global challenge, so international collaboration between China and Europe is needed.
Forfattere
Maria Hayes Leen Bastiaens Luisa Gouveia Spyros Gkelis Hanne Skomedal Kari Skjånes Patrick Murray Marco García-Vaquero Muge Isleten Hosoglu John Dodd Despoina Konstantinou Ivo Safarik Graziella Chini Zittelli Vytas Rimkus Victόria del Pino Koenraad Muylaert Christine Edwards Morten Laake Joana Gabriela Laranjeira da Silva Hugo Pereira Joana AbelhoSammendrag
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Forfattere
Mihaela-Olivia Dobrica Catalin Lazar Lisa Paruch Hanne Skomedal Hege Særvold Steen Sissel Haugslien Catalin Tucureanu Iuliana Caras Adrian Onu Sonya Ciulean Alexandru Branzan Jihong Liu Clarke Crina Stavaru Norica Branza-NichitaSammendrag
Chronic Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) infection leads to severe liver pathogenesis associated with significant morbidity and mortality. As no curable medication is yet available, vaccination remains the most costeffective approach to limit HBV spreading and control the infection. Although safe and efficient, the standard vaccine based on production of the small (S) envelope protein in yeast fails to elicit an effective immune response in about 10% of vaccinated individuals, which are at risk of infection. One strategy to address this issue is the development of more immunogenic antigens. Here we describe a novel HBV antigen obtained by combining relevant immunogenic determinants of S and large (L) envelope proteins. Our approach was based on the insertion of residues 21-47 of the preS1 domain of the L protein (nomenclature according to genotype D), involved in virus attachment to hepatocytes, within the external antigenic loop of S. The resulting S/preS121-47 chimera was successfully produced in HEK293T and Nicotiana benthamiana plants, as a more economical recombinant protein production platform. Comparative biochemical, functional and electron microscopy analysis indicated assembly of the novel antigen into subviral particles in mammalian and plant cells. Importantly, these particles preserve both S- and preS1-specific epitopes and elicit significantly stronger humoral and cellular immune responses than the S protein, in both expression systems used. Our data promote this antigen as a promising vaccine candidate to overcome poor responsiveness to the conventional, S protein-based, HBV vaccine.
Forfattere
M. Hayes Hanne Skomedal Kari Skjånes H. Mazur-Marzec A. Torunska-Sitarz M. Catala M. Isleten Hosoglu M. García-VaqueroSammendrag
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Sammendrag
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Sammendrag
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Forfattere
Jihong Liu Clarke Johanna Gottschamel Hege Særvold Steen Sissel Haugslien Hanne Skomedal Andreas G. Lössl Stephanie Ruf Ralph BockSammendrag
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Divisjon for bioteknologi og plantehelse
Managing free-living plant parasitic nematodes in potato, vegetables, strawberry and cereals using Patch dynamics in Norway
Plant-parasitic nematodes are microscopic roundworms and many species feed on plant roots, thereby disrupting water and nutrient uptake and affecting plant yield. Global annual losses to crop production are estimated to be in excess of $80 billion. Since the middle of the last centuary control of plant-parasitic nematodes has relied upon synthetically pr|oduced nematicides most of which have very broad toxicological properties and are hazardous to humans, domestic animals, fish and the environment in general.
Divisjon for bioteknologi og plantehelse
Algae2Future
A2F's vision is to lay the foundation for industrial microalgae production in Norway, utilizing natural resources and waste streams from existing production lines within agriculture, aquaculture and process industry.
SmartVac - Next Generation Viral Hepatitis B and C vaccine development in plantsand algae using advanced biotechnological tools
Hepatitis B (HBV) and C viruses (HCV) infect the human liver, triggering persistent inflammation and eventually cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Currently, more than 500 million people are chronically infected with HBV or HCV and at high risk of developing end stage liver disease and HCC.
Divisjon for bioteknologi og plantehelse
Algae to Future (A2F) - Alger for fremtiden
Med mikroalger som utgangspunkt vil forskerprosjektet «Alger for fremtiden - A2F» undersøke algenes potensial til å produsere høykvalitets proteiner, flerumettede fettsyrer og karbohydrater til fremtidens matfat. Vi vil kombinere fagkunnskap om dyrking og optimalisering av mikroalgers biomassekomposisjon i lab- og pilotskala, med erfaringen til bl.a. profesjonelle bakere, ølbryggere og fiskefôrprodusenter. Slik legger vi grunnlaget for en felles innovasjonsplattform for fremtidens bærekraftige norske algeindustri.
Divisjon for matproduksjon og samfunn
Risk management of imported plants and seeds: possibilities for improved pest detection to prevent the introduction and spread of new pests
Plant pathogens and invertebrates harmful to plants continue to threaten food security and natural habitats. In Norway, the responsibility of performing plant health inspections on imported plants has gradually shifted to importers of plants who are currently responsible for internal pest control and must be registered with the Norwegian Food Safety Authority.
Divisjon for matproduksjon og samfunn
Risikohåndtering ved import av planter og frø: bedre metoder for å hindre introduksjon og spredning av fremmede sykdomsorganismer
Hvert år dukker det opp nye fremmede sykdommer og skadedyr i Norske hager og landbruk. Slike nye skadegjørere kan true både vår matsikkerhet og naturen. Hvor godt fungerer egentlig dagens kontrolll av planteskadegjørere som blindpasasjerer ved import av planter og frø? Går det an å lage kontrollsystemer som fungerer bedre?