Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2012
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Nina Elisabeth Nagy Harald Kvaalen Monica Fongen Carl Gunnar Fossdal Nicholas Clarke Halvor Solheim Ari HietalaSammendrag
Pathogen challenge of tree sapwood induces the formation of reaction zones with antimicrobial properties such as elevated pH and cation content. Many fungi lower substrate pH by secreting oxalic acid, its conjugate base oxalate being a reductant as well as a chelating agent for cations. To examine the role of oxalic acid in pathogenicity of white-rot fungi, we conducted spatial quantification of oxalate, transcript levels of related fungal genes, and element concentrations in heartwood of Norway spruce challenged naturally by Heterobasidion parviporum. In the pathogen-compromised reaction zone, upregulation of an oxaloacetase gene generating oxalic acid coincided with oxalate and cation accumulation and presence of calcium oxalate crystals. The colonized inner heartwood showed trace amounts of oxalate. Moreover, fungal exposure to the reaction zone under laboratory conditions induced oxaloacetase and oxalate accumulation, whereas heartwood induced a decarboxylase gene involved in degradation of oxalate. The excess level of cations in defense xylem inactivates pathogen-secreted oxalate through precipitation and, presumably, only after cation neutralization can oxalic acid participate in lignocellulose degradation. This necessitates enhanced production of oxalic acid by H. parviporum. This study is the first to determine the true influence of white-rot fungi on oxalate crystal formation in tree xylem.
Forfattere
Igor A. Yakovlev Carl Gunnar Fossdal Tore Skrøppa Jorunn Elisabeth Olsen Anne Hopen Jahren Øystein JohnsenSammendrag
Conifers are evolutionarily more ancient than their angiosperm counterparts, and thus some adaptive mechanisms and features influenced by epigenetic mechanisms appear more highly displayed in these woody gymnosperms. Conifers such as Norway spruce have very long generation times and long life spans, as well as large genome sizes. This seemingly excessive amount of genomic DNA without apparent duplications could be a rich source of sites for epigenetic regulation and modifications. In Norway spruce, an important adaptive mechanism has been identified, called epigenetic memory. This affects the growth cycle of these trees living in environments with mild summers and cold winters, allowing them to adapt rapidly to new and/or changing environments. The temperature during post-meiotic megagametogenesis and seed maturation epigenetically shifts the growth cycle programme of the embryos. This results in significant and long-lasting phenotypic change in the progeny, such as advance or delay of vital phenological processes of high adaptive value, like bud break and bud set. This phenomenon is not only of important evolutionary significance but has clear practical implications for forest seed production and conservation of forest genetic resources. The underlying molecular mechanism that causes the ‘memory’ in long-lived woody species is currently under investigation. Here we summarize the information related to epigenetic memory regulation in gymnosperms, with special emphasis on conifers. The molecular mechanism behind this is still unknown but transcriptional changes are clearly involved. Epigenetic regulation may be realized through several mechanisms, including DNA methylation, histone modification, chromatin remodelling, small non-coding RNAs and transposable element regulation, of which non-coding RNAs might be one of the most important determinants.
Sammendrag
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Sammendrag
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Sammendrag
Utendørs trekonstruksjoner må beskyttes mot vær og vind. Hovedutfordringen er at de fleste norske treslag er svært lite motstandsdyktige mot nedbrytning.
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Erling Johan Solberg Christer Moe Rolandsen Rasmus Astrup Rune Eriksen Tor Myking Gunnar AustrheimSammendrag
Antallet hjortevilt i Norge når stadig nye høyder, og stadig flere spør seg om konsekvensene for andre arter i skogøkosystemet. Blant de mer synlige effektene er det høye beitetrykket på rogn, osp og selje, eller hva vi kaller ROS-artene. Disse forekommer ved relativt lav tetthet i alle skogområder, men har en uforholdsmessig stor betydning som mat og leveområde for andre organismer. Dersom de skulle synke i frekvens og utbredelse vil det derfor ha økologiske konsekvenser som går langt utover deres verdi som beiteplanter for elg og hjort.
Sammendrag
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Sammendrag
Storfuglen (tiur og røy) er ofte blitt betegnet som en `gammelskogart`. Tre årtier med skogsfuglforskning på Varaldskogen har imidlertid vist at den har klart overgangen til yngre kulturskog bedre enn ventet. Det betyr likevel ikke at alt er `såre vel`.