Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2021
Sammendrag
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Populærvitenskapelig – Hva kan nedklassifisert ull brukes til?
Lise Grøva, Lone Ross, Siv Uldal, ...
Sammendrag
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Sammendrag
NIBIO har på oppdrag av Stjørdal kommune utført taksering av elgbeite i de skogkledde delene av kommunen i juli 2021, for å kunne si noe om beitetilbud og beitepress. Vi fant at den totale tettheten av beite-trær i elgens beitehøyde (30-300 cm) var over snittet for våre øvrige takster i Sør- og Midt-Norge. Mengde beitbar biomasse (årsskudd) var bare halvparten så stor i indre som i ytre sone (skille mellom soner satt fra Skjelstadmarka i nord til Elvran i sør). Ytre sone hadde mer biomasse enn snittet i øvrige takster, mens indre sone hadde betydelig mindre enn snittet. Bjørk utgjorde nesten alt buskbeitet i indre sone, mens det i ytre sone også var en del selje og furu. Tilbudet av viktig feltsjikt (blåbær, høge urter og til dels bregner) var høyest i lavereliggende skog, uavhengig sone. Av hensyn til elg anbefaler vi at disse delene av skogen holdes tilstrekkelig lysåpne gjennom hele skogens rotasjonsperiode. Alle våre indekser på beitepress tilsier at elgbestanden i Stjørdal per 2021 var for høy i forhold til plantenes tålegrenser. Det er viktigst å følge beitepresset på bjørk. Vi har estimert ernæringmessig bæreevne til å være maks 1.3 elg/km2 i ytre sone, og bare halvparten i indre: 0.7 elg/km2. Vi anbefaler å holde bestanden under maks en periode for å la beitene hente seg inn. Sett og felt elg data indikerer at bestanden etter jakt siste 5 år har vært en del høyere enn maks: om lag 1.5 elg/km2. Det kan likevel se ut som kommunen er i ferd med å få snudd trenden i tide, da pilene for elgtettheten peker i riktig retning og beiteplantene fortsatt produserer rimelig bra.
Forfattere
Johannes Breidenbach Janis Ivanovs Annika Kangas Thomas Nord-Larsen Mats Nilsson Rasmus AstrupSammendrag
Policy measures and management decisions aimed at enhancing the role of forests in mitigating climate change require reliable estimates of carbon (C)-stock dynamics in greenhouse gas inventories (GHGIs). The aim of this study was to assemble design-based estimators to provide estimates relevant for GHGIs using National Forest Inventory (NFI) data. We improve basic expansion (BE) estimators of living-biomass C-stock loss using only field data, by leveraging with remote sensing auxiliary data in model-assisted (MA) estimators. Our case studies from Norway, Sweden, Denmark, and Latvia covered an area of >70 Mha. Landsat-based forest cover loss (FCL) and one-time wall-to-wall airborne laser scanning (ALS) served as auxiliary data. ALS provided information on the C stock before a potential disturbance indicated by FCL. The use of FCL in MA estimators resulted in considerable efficiency gains, which in most cases were further increased by adding ALS. A doubling of efficiency was possible for national estimates and even larger efficiencies were observed at the subnational level. Average annual estimates were considerably more precise than pooled estimates of the NFI data from all years at once. The combination of remotely sensed and NFI field data yields reliable estimators, which is not necessarily the case when using remotely sensed data without reference observations.
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Sammendrag
Diameter at breast height (DBH) distributions offer valuable information for operational and strategic forest management decisions. We predicted DBH distributions using Norwegian national forest inventory and airborne laser scanning data and compared the predictive performances of linear mixed-effects (PPM), generalized linear-mixed (GLM), and k nearest-neighbor (NN) models. While GLM resulted in smaller prediction errors than PPM, both were clearly outperformed by NN. We therefore studied the ability of the NN model to improve the precision of stem frequency estimates by DBH classes in the 8.7 Mha study area using a model-assisted (MA) estimator suitable for systematic sampling. MA estimates yielded greater than or approximately equal efficiencies as direct estimates using field data only. The relative efficiencies (REs) associated with the MA estimates ranged between 0.95–1.47 and 0.96–1.67 for 2 and 6 cm DBH class widths, respectively, when dominant tree species were assumed to be known. The use of a predicted tree species map, instead of the observed information, decreased the REs by up to 10%.
Sammendrag
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Forfattere
Jon Andreas Ask Jon Lasse Bratli Kjersti Holt Hanssen Baro Moslet Sina Jenhaug Ringlund Jakob Sandven Odd-Kristian Selboe Gunnhild Søgaard Torleif Terum Fredrik Vaadal Runa AanerødSammendrag
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Sammendrag
In the last century, local or individual-based forest management was introduced by various forest scientists including Schädelin, Abetz and Pollanschütz as an alternative to traditional global thinning methods. They suggested breaking large forest stands down into smaller neighbourhood-based units. The centre of each of these neighbourhood-based units is a frame tree (also referred to as final crop tree, elite tree or target tree) with clearly defined properties that depend on the management objectives. In each management intervention, trees in the neighbourhood of frame trees that in the next 5–10 years are likely to influence the frame trees negatively are removed selectively. In contrast to global methods, management is only carried out where there are frame trees. Local or individual-based forest management methods were first introduced in a commercial forestry context, but rather constitute generic methods that can be efficiently applied in management for conservation, carbon sequestration and recreation. They are also often applied in the context of continuous cover forestry (CCF). In this study, we analysed the behaviour of test persons selecting frame trees in 26 training sites, so-called marteloscopes, from all over Great Britain. Although the test persons were new to individual-based management, statistical performance indicators suggested that frame trees were selected in accordance with the theory of local or individual-based forest management. Unexpectedly the test persons even achieved a comparatively high degree of agreement. This result contrasts the low agreement and partly unsatisfying performance indicators incurred in the selection of frame-tree competitors, the second step of local forest management. The outcomes of this study highlight that training in individual-based forest management needs to put more emphasis on the identification of frame-tree competitors.
Sammendrag
Genetic variation and phenotypic stability in Norway spruce were studied based on provenances, families, and clones planted in trials at 12 sites in four Nordic countries. The families were generated in a factorial cross between 10 parents of Norwegian origin and 10 parents of Eastern European origin, and the clones were propagated from seedlings within 20 of the same families. Traits analyzed were survival, proportion of trees with stem defects, and tree heights. Stability was analyzed by regression analyses with the genetic entries’ annual shoot increment as the dependent variable and the total site mean as an environmental index. Information about growth and phenology traits were available from short-term tests. For tree heights, significant variance components were present both among female and male parents, but not for their interactions, indicating that non-additive genetic effects are small. Genotype × environment interactions were significant at all three genetic levels, but their variance components had considerably lower values than the variance components estimated for the effects of families and clones. For the set of families of Norwegian origin, strong relationships were observed between the timing of annual shot elongation, mortality, and height growth. Large variation was found at all three genetic levels for phenotypic stability measured by regression coefficients. A positive relationship was present between the regression coefficient and the timing of annual shoot growth for families, indicating that later flushing families responded more to a high site index. The regression coefficient can be a useful supplement to the breeding value when selecting for superior and stable genotypes.