Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2007
Sammendrag
Rapporten inneholder teoretisk pensum, PDF kopier av forelesninger og feltoppgaver som gjennomgås i kurset Miljøprøvetaking som holdes i Ås 8. og 9. oktober 2007.
Sammendrag
The Ministry of Agriculture and Food established in 1992 the Agricultural Environmental Monitoring Programme (AEMP) in Norway. The monitoring program is an important part of the overall strategy for sustainable development. One of the major and concrete objectives of the programme is to quantify and to document the diffuse nutrient losses from representative agricultural areas and production systems in different agro-ecological regions of Norway, and furthermore, to help generate adequate data and knowledge for policy support and for the implementation of appropriate environmental measures. The AEMP-programme also includes a component dealing with monitoring of pesticides, but this component is not described further in this paper. Bioforsk is in charge of the practical implementation of the program. This paper presents a brief description of the design and the structure of the program, various activities and routines that are applied and finally also a short summary of some major results in terms of measures nutrient losses. Similar programs as the Norwegian AEMP are established in Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania. These programs were established in close co-operation between Bioforsk and different research organisations in the Baltic countries. More information about the programs can be found in Vagstad et al (2001).
Forfattere
Bjørn Molteberg Trygve S. Aamlid Gudni Thorvaldsson Anders Hammarlund Frank Enger Tatsiana Espevig Åge Susort Daniel NordSammendrag
En testing av sorter til bruk på skandinavisk golfgreener startet opp som et nytt prosjekt i 2007. Fire forsøk ble etablert på USGA greeener ved Östra Ljungby Naturgymnasium, Sverige, Bioforsk Landvik and Bioforsk Apelsvoll, Norge og ved en golfbane i Keldnaholt, Island. Totalt 42 sorter innen rødsvingel, engkvein, hundekvein og krypkvein, flerårig raigras og markrapp er med i prosjektet. Sådato for Apelsvoll, Landvik, Keldnaholt og Östra Ljungby var henholdsvis 26. juni, 11, juli, 17. august og 6. september. Feltene har i såingsåret blitt klippet ned til 6 mm i rødsvingel, raigras og rapp og 4 mm i kvein. Mange sorter, spesielt innen raigras og markrapp, men også av kvein og rødsvingel viser lovende resultater. Greenåra 2008, 2009 og 2010 vil fortelle mer om disse sortene.
Sammendrag
I det nasjonale «Overvåkingsprogram for skogskader» inngår det i Norge 8 intensivt overvåkede flater for å følge utviklingen av skogøkosystemet. Disse flatene er også en del av det europeiske nettverket av intensive skogovervåkingsflater i 37 land med til sammen 800 flater. Intensiv skogovervåking er utført her i landet siden midten av 1980-tallet, med verdifulle tidsserier som kan beskrive endringer i skogøsystemet. Hovedformålet er å beskrive skogens helsetilstand og belyse virkninger av langtransporterte forurensninger på skogøkosystemet. Resultater fra overvåkingen i 2006 presenteres i denne rapporten. Vi finner fortsatt de høyeste avsetningene av syre, svovel- og nitrogenforbindelser lengst sør i landet. Konsentrasjonen av svovelforbindelser i luft og nedbør har avtatt med 60-90% de siste 20 årene, og dette samsvarer med endringer av utslipp i Europa. Mengden av nitrogenforbindelser i nedbør har ikke endret seg like tydelig, men også her er det en nedgang de siste ti åra, særlig av NO2. Det ble observert betydelige overskridelser av enkelte grenseverdier for ozoneksponering av vegetasjonen i 2006. Ozonkonsentrasjonene påvirkes antagelig mest av meteorologiske forhold, og vi har ikke klart å påvise klare trender for denne eksponeringen i Norge. Graset smyle har økt i mengde på alle fire overvåkingsfelter på Østlandet de siste åra, mens mengden er redusert på overvåkingsflatene på Vestlandet. Smylemengden øker vanligvis med økt nitrogendeposisjon, og er derfor en viktig indikatorart. Kronetettheten for gran avtok sør og øst i landet, mens de vestligste og nordligste flatene viser en oppgang fra 2005 til 2006. Kronefargen hos gran ble også dårligere i 2006, og dette var gjennomgående på alle flater unntatt i Hurdal. Denne nedgangen i kronetetthet sør og øst i landet ble også observert på de regionale flatene og på de landsrepresentative Level 1 flatene. Tilbakegangen i kronevitalitet på Østlandet kan skyldes meteorologiske forhold eller biotiske skadegjørere som f.eks. granrust, og dette trenger ikke vise samme type negative trend som det vi observerte på 1980-tallet. For furu ble det bare observert minimal endring i kronetetthet, mens kronefargen ble betydelig dårligere.
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
Simple risk assessment tools for agricultural phosphorus (P) losses, like the P index, have been developed in the U.S.A. and in some European countries. Despite its popularity, there have been surprisingly few studies, which try to test the index close to the field scale. For Norway, the P index approach comprises the risk related to both the source of P (soil P status, amount of fertilizer and manure as well as method of application, plant P release by freezing and P balance) and the risk related to transport of P (erosion, flooding, surface runoff, contributing distance, modified connectivity, soil profile, subsurface drainage). In this paper, we have applied the Norwegian P index to farmer fields within a small agricultural catchment, the Skuterud catchment (450 ha), in southeastern Norway. The Norwegian P index was tested for two agricultural fields (0.3 to 0.4 ha) and nine subcatchments (6 to 65 ha). Total P concentrations in runoff from the eleven study areas were measured during the year from May 2001 to April 2002. Results from the testing showed that the Norwegian P index described 66% of the variation in measured relative total P concentration for fields and subcatchments included in this study. Additionally, the P index was able to detect fields and subcatchments with the highest measured P concentrations. Results also showed that the source factor contributed most to the variation between fields and hence were important for the identification of high-risk areas in Skuterud catchment. It was found that the soil P status described 66% of the variation in the source factor. Among the transport variables, it was found that both erosion risk and contributing distance had an important influence on the transport factor. Overall, the study illustrated the potential of the P index to detect areas with the highest risk of P loss.
Sammendrag
Norwegian agriculture is totally dependent on a safe supply of seed of winter-hardy timothy varieties. The annual seed consumption varies depending on the extent of winter damages, particularly in northern Norway, and the average seed yield varies with weather and harvest conditions in the seed-producing districts in the southeastern and central part of the country. To buffer these variations, seed companies always keep stocks corresponding to 50-100 % of the average annual seed consumption. Such large stocks are risky to maintain as seed lots will loose germination over time. Our objective was to elucidate the effect of seed harvest time and seed storage location on the longevity of timothy seed. In 2003, timothy ‘Grindstad’ was combined directly on 2, 5 or 8 August corresponding to a seed moisture content (SMC) of 34, 27 and 20 %, respectively. After harvest the seed was dried to 10-11 % SMC. Germination analyses were accomplished 3, 15, 26 and 38 months after seed harvest; the three latter after splitting each seed lot into four sub-lots that were stored either in a conditioned seed store (4ºC, 30% RH), or in unconditioned warehouses at there climatically different locations. While seed harvest time had no effect on germination three months after harvest, differences became increasingly evident as time went by. After 38 months’ storage, seed stored in the conditioned store or in the warehouse at the continental location Tynset germinated, on average for harvest times, 15-16 units better than seed stored in the warehouse at the coastal location Vaksdal; and seed lots harvested at 20 % SMC germinated, on average for storage locations, 24 units better than seed harvested at 37 % SMC. While it has long been documented that direct combining at high SMC may damage seed germination, there has been less awareness that this damage may not manifest itself until after a certain storage period.
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
Tiller demography and contribution to seed yield were studied in first year seed crops of smooth bromegrass (SB, Bromus inermis ‘Lofar’) and meadow fescue (MF, Festuca pratensis ‘Salten’) planted on different dates and with increasing plant densities (A: 15 Jun. / 11 plants m-2, B: 15 or 30 July / 44 plants m-2, C: 15 August or 10 September /178 plants m-2) in field trials at Landvik, SE Norway. While the total tiller population in most crops increased until seed harvest, it decreased during panicle elongation in crops of SB and MF that had reached 2000 and 3500 tillers m-2 in early spring, respectively. Except for the fact that many of the primary tillers of SB died after producing barren stems, tillers formed in August and September had the greatest chance of becoming reproductive and produced the heaviest inflorescences in both species. Most tillers produced in winter or early spring either remained vegetative or died, but spring-emerging tillers contributed up to 30% of the total seed yield in early-established, low-density crops of MF. It is concluded that spring-emerged tillers contribute more to seed yield in MF than in SB and more in seed crops established early at low plant density than in crops established late at higher density.