Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2018
Sammendrag
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Sammendrag
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Sammendrag
Rapporten viser hvordan strømmen av biomasse av husdyrgjødsel går fra bonde til biogassanlegg og hvordan næringsstoffene ivaretas fram til ferdig hygienisert biorest. Selve biogassproduksjonen er bare i liten grad berørt i rapporten, mens innholdet av næringsstoffer er vist for de ulike fraksjonene. Rapporten viser grunnlaget for beregning av spredeareal som bøndene sparer ved å levere den faste delen av separert husdyrgjødsel til biogassanlegget. En gjødseldyrenhet tilsvarer 14 kg fosfor og krever minimum 4 dekar spredeareal. Levering av ett tonn separert tørrfraksjon av svinegjødsel vil kunne frigjøre 0,83 daa spredeareal. Ett tonn kugjødsel levert til biogassanlegget frigir tilsvarende 0,49 daa spredeareal hos bonden. Utgangspunktet er at separasjon av gjødsel øker tørrstoffinnholdet til 25 % ts og 31 % ts for henholdsvis ku og svinegjødsel. Beregningene for frigjort spredeareal for gårdsbruka som leverer gjødsel til biogassanlegget bør baseres på mengde levert tørrstoff med kjent innhold av forsfor. Forutsetningen for frigjort spredeareal er at mottakeren har ledig spredeareal eller har godkjent produksjon av gjødselvarer. Det fordrer at bioresten enten blir brukt i sektorer som ikke er definert som jord- eller hagebruk, omdannes til nye produkter, eller at bioresten blir brukt utenfor det gitte reguleringsområdet.
Forfattere
Roger Holten Frederik Bøe Marit Almvik Marianne Stenrød Mats Larsbo Nicholas Jarvis Ole Martin EkloSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Roger Holten Frederik Bøe Marit Almvik Sheela Katuwal Marianne Stenrød Mats Larsbo Nicholas Jarvis Ole Martin EkloSammendrag
Limited knowledge and experimental data exist on pesticide leaching through partially frozen soil. The objective of this study was to better understand the complex processes of freezing and thawing and the effects these processes have on water flow and pesticide transport through soil. To achieve this we conducted a soil column irrigation experiment to quantify the transport of a non-reactive tracer and the herbicide MCPA in partially frozen soil. In total 40 intact topsoil and subsoil columns from two agricultural fields with contrasting soil types (silt and loam) in South-East Norway were used in this experiment. MCPA and bromide were applied on top of all columns. Half the columns were then frozen at −3 °C while the other half of the columns were stored at +4 °C. Columns were then subjected to repeated irrigation events at a rate of 5 mm artificial rainwater for 5 h at each event. Each irrigation was followed by 14-day periods of freezing or refrigeration. Percolate was collected and analysed for MCPA and bromide. The results show that nearly 100% more MCPA leached from frozen than unfrozen topsoil columns of Hov silt and Kroer loam soils. Leaching patterns of bromide and MCPA were very similar in frozen columns with high concentrations and clear peaks early in the irrigation process, and with lower concentrations leaching at later stages. Hardly any MCPA leached from unfrozen topsoil columns (0.4–0.5% of applied amount) and concentrations were very low. Bromide showed a different flow pattern indicating a more uniform advective-dispersive transport process in the unfrozen columns with higher con- centrations leaching but without clear concentration peaks. This study documents that pesticides can be pre- ferentially transported through soil macropores at relatively high concentrations in partially frozen soil. These findings indicate, that monitoring programs should include sampling during snow melt or early spring in areas were soil frost is common as this period could imply exposure peaks in groundwater or surface water.
Sammendrag
Background and aims Layered profiles of designed soils may provide long-term benefits for green roofs, provided the vegetation can exploit resources in the different layers. We aimed to quantify Sedum root foraging for water and nutrients in designed soils of different texture and layering. Methods In a controlled pot experiment we quantified the root foraging ability of the species Sedum album (L.) and S. rupestre (L.) in response to substrate structure (fine, coarse, layered or mixed), vertical fertiliser placement (top or bottom half of pot) and watering (5, 10 or 20 mm week−1 ). Results Water availability was the main driver of plant growth, followed by substrate structure, while fertiliser placement only had marginal effects on plant growth. Root foraging ability was low to moderate, as also reflected in the low proportion of biomass allocated to roots (5–13%). Increased watering reduced the proportion of root length and root biomass in deeper layers. Conclusions Both S. album and S. rupestre had a low ability to exploit water and nutrients by precise root foraging in substrates of different texture and layering. Allocation of biomass to roots was low and showed limited flexibility even under water-deficient conditions.
Sammendrag
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Forfattere
Jiska Joanneke van Dijk Graciela Rusch Hilde Karine Wam Paul Eric Aspholm Even Bergseng Vegard GundersenSammendrag
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Forfattere
Jiska Joanneke van Dijk Graciela Rusch Hilde Karine Wam Paul Eric Aspholm Even Bergseng Vegard GundersenSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Jiska Joanneke van Dijk Graciela Rusch Hilde Karine Wam Paul Eric Aspholm Even Bergseng Vegard GundersenSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag