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Publikasjoner

NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.

2023

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Sammendrag

Increasing levels of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in watercourses in the northern hemisphere are mainly due to reduced acid rain, climate change, and changes in agricultural practices. However, their impacts vary in time and space. To predict how DOM responds to changes in environmental pressures, we need to differentiate between allochthonous and autochthonous sources as well as identify anthropogenic DOM. In this study we distinguish between allochthonous, autochthonous, and anthropogenic sources of DOM in a diverse watercourse network by assessing effects of land cover on water quality and using DOM characterization tools. The main sources of DOM at the studied site are forests discharging allochthonous humic DOM, autochthonous fulvic DOM, and runoff from urban sites and fish farms with high levels of anthropogenic DOM rich in protein‐like material. Specific UV absorbency (sUVa) distinguishes allochthonous DOM from autochthonous and anthropogenic DOM. Anthropogenic DOM differs from autochthonous fulvic DOM by containing elevated levels of protein‐like material. DOM from fishponds is distinguished from autochthonous and sewage DOM by having high sUVa. DOM characteristics are thus valuable tools for deconvoluting the various sources of DOM, enabling water resource managers to identify anthropogenic sources of DOM and predict future trends in DOM

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Det er ikke registrert sammendrag

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The morphological ontogeny of Zachvatkinibates svanhovdi A. Seniczak & S. Seniczak, 2023 is described and illustrated. The juveniles of this species are light brown with slightly darker colour on the prodorsum, gastronotal shield, surrounding of gla opening, and legs. The larva has 12 pairs of gastronotal setae, most are of medium size and barbed; the nymphs have 15 pairs, most are short and smooth. In all juveniles, the setae of c-series are inserted on unsclerotized integument. In the larva, the pygidial shield is absent but, in the nymphs, the gastronotal shield is present and the setae p2 and p3 are inserted on unsclerotized integument. In the larva, a humeral organ is absent but is present in the nymphs.

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The Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO) has been working on many fronts to promote sustainable agriculture. As part of the Department of Biogeochemistry and Soil Quality, I will present initiatives and progress made by the NIBIO Institute in promoting soil organic matter persistence and sustainable agriculture in Norway and worldwide. Two major challenges have been targeted with a focus on Norway: waste generation by several industries (e.g., agriculture, forestry, and fishery) and the short time of the cropping season in the country due to climatic constraints. To solve these issues, we are working on several projects focused on re-utilizing waste products by producing organic fertilizers, optimizing these fertilizers (e.g., biochar N-enrichment), and improving current cropping systems with crop diversification. Our main objective is to investigate the benefits of these practices in improving soil quality and crop productivity and enhancing soil organic matter persistence. Our work on soil science also goes beyond Norwegian and Nordic conditions. Among our international collaborations, we are currently working on a multi-institution bilateral project between China and Norway to promote the restoration of a semi-arid ecosystem in Inner Mongolia. We are also often engaging in project proposals for promoting sustainable agriculture in tropical regions. To develop these ideas, we promote a combined approach of spectroscopy techniques in collaboration with other institutions, such as nanoscale secondary ion mass spectrometry (NanoSIMS) in partnership with the Technical University of Munich (TUM) and NMR spectroscopy in partnership with the National Research Council of Italy (CNR-Pisa). Also, our research facilities count on good infrastructure, focusing on incubations with 13C and 15N labeled amendments and 13C pulse labeling.

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ANC er nøkkelparameteren for å vurdere endringer i kjemisk vannkvalitet med endringer i sur nedbør, klima og arealbruk. Imidlertid har parameteren lav presisjon, siden den er basert på ladningsbalansen mellom mange målte verdier. Det er derfor ønskelig å utlede alternative måter å beregne ANC. ANC er et estimat for overskuddet av svake syrers baser i vannet. I naturlig vann er dette tilnærmet lik differansen mellom konsentrasjonen av H+ og summen av bikarbonat og organiske anioner i løsning. Titrert alkalitet er et mål for det samme, men som en erstatning for ANC, må verdien korrigeres for operasjonelle kilder til avvik. Her utledes og testes to teoretiske modeller og en empirisk tilpasset modell for ANC basert på målinger av alkalitet. I de fleste vann anbefales modellen basert på bikarbonat betegnet som ALK02. I svært forsuringsfølsomt vann (nær kvantifiseringsgrense for titrert alkalitet), anbefales imidlertid en empirisk tilpasset modell som erstatning for beregnet ANC.