Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2003
Sammendrag
An individual-based agent model is presented which resembles aspects of natural evolution in ecosystems under selective pressure due to limited resources. The environmental conditions are determined by spatial and temporal variability of resource abundances.The agents have to choose between three different types of resources; the one consumed most during lifetime solely counts for the fitness of the individual agent. Simulation runs show that populations specialized in different resource types are mutually influencing each other under temporal variation of a single resource type.Mobility of agents in a locally heterogenous world enables recolonization after a population has starved to death. Wavelet analysis of the population time series reveals that some observed population dynamics show phenomena such as localized periodicities which cannot be explained by linear dependencies on the resource input dynamics.
Forfattere
Atle HaugeSammendrag
Ved profilering av dyrka jord med de metodene som har vært brukt inntil nå, vil en skave av matjordlaget langs kanalene, og legge dette oppå gammel overflate midt på profilet. Langs kanalene vil en da få fram undergrunnsjord, mens en midt på teigene begraver gammel overflate. Mange steder har undergrunnsjorda lav fruktbarhet, og en kan få sterk avlingsnedgang i mange år i de områdene på profilet der det dyrkes i undergrunnsjorda. Dette gjelder vanligvis 1/3-del av arealet. Vannet har også en tendens til å stoppe opp når den det møter gammel overflate, og en får våte partier der vannet kommer fram. Ved å endre arbeidsmønsteret, kan en få et rasjonelt system som gjør det mulig å ta vare på matjordlaget under profileringen. Når en profilerer stripe for stripe på tvers av teigen, kan en flytte over matjorda fra uferdig stripe over til den ferdig profilerte stripa. Bredden på stripene bør være maskinens arbeidsbredde. Med dette arbeidsmønsteret minimeres masseflyttingen, og en bevarer matjordlaget over hele teigen. Arbeidsmetoden kan også brukes ved nydyrking, for å bevare den mest produktive jorda i overflata. En må flytte 100-200 m3 pr.da ekstra, litt etter hvor tykt matjordlag en ønsker å ta vare på. Metoden er utprøvd i praksis på to lokaliteter i prosjektet, Nesseby i Finnmark, og Hadsel i Nordland. Ekstra tidsbruk er rundt 1 time pr. dekar. Vanlig timepris for gravemaskiner er i dag rundt 350 kr. Meravling pr. dekar må være 14 fôrenheter i gjennomsnitt for feltet for å forsvare tiltaket.
Sammendrag
Modern information technology allows the investigation of the characteristic properties of living systems from a new perspective. Which of the ecosystem features are necessary conditions resulting from their constraints, which are accidental, constituting contingent facts of their respective histories?As long as we know of a single phylogenetic tree in nature, the difference is hard to tell, rendering the reconstruction and realisation of artificial ecologies a major challenge. It has been taken up by the high technology of the time since decades; since two decades, IT is leading in this respect.Are there life forms that can be created in contemporary computers, and which ones? Successes and failures of a number of virtualizations are forming de facto constraints for theoretical ecosystem research. Artificial Life (AL) research appears to be not just another attempt towards realistic models for ecological systems, but undermines the basic assumptions of most of conventional modeling in this area: in AL, behavior is in general irreducible to internal mechanisms; behavior results rather from interactive and intentional usage of the simulation.We try to elucidate and demonstrate the crucial role of interaction in these simulations, drawing from current developments in theoretical computer science as well as a number of examples. We propose a new classification of ecosystem models according to its degree of interactivity.
Sammendrag
Ulike uttrykk for jordkvalitet, så som avlingsstørrelse, næringsbalanser og meitemarkaktivitet er fulgt gjennom seks års økologisk drift i tre ulike dyrkingssystem.
Forfattere
Anne Kjersti Bakken Ragnar Eltun Trond Haraldsen Tor Arvid Breland Trygve S. Aamlid Tore SveistrupSammendrag
The three organic cropping systems Landvik (in Grimstad), Voll (at Ås) and Kvithamar (in Stjørdal) were established in 1993 on previously conventionally farmed soils of marine origin. The six-year crop rotation at Landvik was designed for an organic stockless farm producing cash crops. These crops were fertilized with composted organic household waste from the nearby community (maximum 100 kg N ha-1) and composted waste from the system itself. The rotation at Voll was designed for an arable farm withbeef production from suckling cows (0.9 animal units ha-1), and the rotation at Kvithamar was designed for a dairy cattle farm (1.0 animal unit ha-1). During the first six years of organic farming, the soil reserves of K were slightly depleted. The nutrient balance was –250 kg K ha-1 at Voll and –420 kg K ha-1 at Landvik, and the content of easily soluble K in the plough layer decreased at these sites. At Kvithamar, however, where the K balance for six years was –380 kg ha-1, no changes in soil content of K were recorded. For P, the six-year balance was positive at Landvik, where altogether 120 kg P ha-1 was supplied from composted household waste. The P balance was negative (-40 kg ha-1) at Voll and Kvithamar, and at Voll the content of easily soluble P in the plough layer was lower in 1999 than in 1993. In the study period, the yields were variable both within and between the systems. We have not identified any trends or variations in yields that might have been directly caused by changesin soil nutrient status or other soil quality components. At Voll and Kvithamar, however, the number of earthworm and the soil macroporosity increased from 1993 to 1999, with a concurrent slight increase in the yields of leys (Voll) and grain crops and swedes (Kvithamar). In the system at Landvik the yields of potatos and carrots were higher the first two than the last four years. At this site the soil structure was good, and the porosity and earthworm activity high, during the whole study period.
Sammendrag
Strategiplanen omhandler dagens status og fremtidige utfordringer for hvordan de store innlandsfiskeressursene i Norge kan utnyttes bedre og skape økt lønnsomhet i næringen gjennom å fokusere på tiltak knyttet til nærings- og bedriftutvikling, forsknings- og utviklingstiltak og forvaltning og rammebetingelser.
Forfattere
Marianne Stenrød Ole Martin Eklo Jens Kværner Tore Sveistrup Pierre Benoit Marie-Paule Charnay Valerie PotSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Marianne Stenrød Ole Martin Eklo Jens Kværner Tore Sveistrup Pierre Benoit Marie-Paule Charnay Valerie PotSammendrag
Presentasjon av forskningsprosjektet SIP Plantevernmidler i miljøet; redusert miljøbelastning ved bruk av plantevernmidler - et samarbeidsprosjekt mellom Planteforsk Plantevernet, Planteforsk Holt, Jordforsk og INRA Grignon, Frankrike.
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
2002
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag