Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2019
Sammendrag
Aims Bacterial decays of onion bulbs have serious economic consequences for growers, but the aetiologies of these diseases are often unclear. We aimed to determine the role of Rahnella, which we commonly isolated from bulbs in the United States and Norway, in onion disease. Methods and Results Isolated bacteria were identified by sequencing of housekeeping genes and/or fatty acid methyl ester analysis. A subset of Rahnella spp. strains was also assessed by multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA); most onion strains belonged to two clades that appear closely related to R. aquatilis. All tested strains from both countries caused mild symptoms in onion bulbs but not leaves. Polymerase chain reaction primers were designed and tested against strains from known species of Rahnella. Amplicons were produced from strains of R. aquatilis, R. victoriana, R. variigena, R. inusitata and R. bruchi, and from one of the two strains of R. woolbedingensis. Conclusions Based on binational testing, strains of Rahnella are commonly associated with onions, and they are capable of causing mild symptoms in bulbs. Significance and Impact of the Study While Rahnella strains are commonly found within field‐grown onions and they are able to cause mild symptoms, the economic impact of Rahnella‐associated symptoms remains unclear.
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Arne Stensvand Aruppillai Suthaparan Belachew Asalf Tadesse Ranjana Pathak Hans Ragnar Gislerød Knut Asbjørn Solhaug Pål Johan From Rodrigo B. Onofre Natalia A. Peres William Turechek Andrew Bierman Lance Cadle-Davidson David M. GadourySammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Arne Stensvand Aruppillai Suthaparan Belachew Asalf Tadesse Ranjana Pathak Hans Ragnar Gislerød Knut Asbjørn Solhaug Pål Johan From Rodrigo B. Onofre Natalia A. Peres William Turechek Andrew Bierman Mark Rea Lance Cadle-Davidson David M. GadourySammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Roman Gebauer Daniel Volařík Josef Urban Isabella Børja Nina Elisabeth Nagy Toril Drabløs Eldhuset Paal KrokeneSammendrag
Several studies have looked at how individual environmental factors influence needle morphology in conifer trees, but interacting effects between drought and canopy position have received little attention. In this study, we characterized morphological responses to experimentally induced drought stress in sun exposed and shaded current-year Norway spruce needles. In the drought plot trees were suffering mild drought stress, with an average soil water potential at 50 cm depth of -0.4 MPa. In general, morphological needle traits had greater values in sun needles in the upper canopy than in shaded needles in the lower canopy. Needle morphology 15 months after the onset of drought was determined by canopy position, as only sun needle morphology was affected by drought. Thus, canopy position was a stronger morphogenic factor determining needle structure than was water availability. The largest influence of mild drought was observed for needle length, projected needle area and total needle area, which all were reduced by ~27% relative to control trees. Needle thickness and needle width showed contrasting sensitivity to drought, as drought only affected needle thickness (10% reduction). Needle dry mass, leaf mass per area and needle density were not affected 15 months after the onset of mild drought. Our results highlight the importance of considering canopy position as well as water availability when comparing needle structure or function between conifer species. More knowledge about how different canopy parts of Norway spruce adapt to drought is important to understand forest productivity under changing environmental conditions.
Forfattere
Pablo González-Moreno Lorenzo Lazzaro Montserrat Vilà Cristina Preda Tim Adriaens Sven Bacher Giuseppe Brundu Gordon H. Copp Franz Essl Emili Garcia-Berthou Stelios Katsanevakis Toril Loennechen Moen Frances E. Lucy Wolfgang Nentwig Helen E. Roy Greta Srėbalienė Venche Talgø Sonia Vanderhoeven Ana Andjelković Kęstutis Arbačiauskas Marie-Anne Auger-Rozenberg Mi-Jung Bae Michel Bariche Pieter Boets Mário Boieiro Paulo Alexandre Borges João Canning-Clode Frederico Cardigos Niki Chartosia Elizabeth Joanne Cottier-Cook Fabio Crocetta Bram D'hondt Bruno Foggi Swen Follak Belinda Gallardo Øivind Gammelmo Sylvaine Giakoumi Claudia Giuliani Guillaume Fried Lucija Šerić Jelaska Jonathan M. Jeschke Miquel Jover Alejandro Juárez-Escario Stefanos Kalogirou Aleksandra Kočić Eleni Kytinou Ciaran Laverty Vanessa Lozano Alberto Maceda-Veiga Elizabete Marchante Hélia Marchante Angeliki F. Martinou Sandro Meyer Dan Michin Ana Montero-Castaño Maria Cristina Morais Carmen Morales-Rodriguez Nadia Muhthassim Zoltán Á. Nagy Nikica Ogris Huseyin Onen Jan Pergl Riikka Puntila Wolfgang Rabitsch Triya Tessa Ramburn Carla Rego Fabian Reichenbach Carmen Romeralo Wolf-Christian Saul Gritta Schrader Rory Sheehan Predrag Simonović Marius Skolka António Onofre Soares Leif Sundheim Ali Serhan Tarkan Rumen Tomov Elena Tricarico Konstantinos Tsiamis Ahmet Uludağ Johan van Valkenburg Hugo Verreycken Anna Maria Vettraino Lluís Vilar Øystein Wiig Johanna Witzell Andrea Zanetta Marc KenisSammendrag
Standardized tools are needed to identify and prioritize the most harmful non-native species (NNS). A plethora of assessment protocols have been developed to evaluate the current and potential impacts of non-native species, but consistency among them has received limited attention. To estimate the consistency across impact assessment protocols, 89 specialists in biological invasions used 11 protocols to screen 57 NNS (2614 assessments). We tested if the consistency in the impact scoring across assessors, quantified as the coefficient of variation (CV), was dependent on the characteristics of the protocol, the taxonomic group and the expertise of the assessor. Mean CV across assessors was 40%, with a maximum of 223%. CV was lower for protocols with a low number of score levels, which demanded high levels of expertise, and when the assessors had greater expertise on the assessed species. The similarity among protocols with respect to the final scores was higher when the protocols considered the same impact types. We conclude that all protocols led to considerable inconsistency among assessors. In order to improve consistency, we highlight the importance of selecting assessors with high expertise, providing clear guidelines and adequate training but also deriving final decisions collaboratively by consensus.
Sammendrag
I 2018 vart totalt 130 prøvar av jord frå importerte grøntanleggsplanter analyserte for nematodar og Phytophthora spp. i OK-programmet «Nematoder og Phytophthora spp. i jord på importerte planter”. Prøvane vart tatt ut av inspektørar ved regionkontora til Mattilsyner. Større tre til utplanting hadde førsteprioritet. Her rapporterar vi Phytophthora-delen av OK-programmet. I 35 % av prøvane vart det totalt funne 14 Phytophthora-artar fordelt på fleire opphavsland; Polen, Tyskland, Nederland, Belgia, Italia og våre to naboland Sverige og Danmark. Ingen av Phytophthora-artane var karanteneorganismar, men fleire av dei gjer i dag skade i både grøntanlegg og norsk natur, til dømes Phytophthora cambivora og P. plurivora på bøk (Fagus sylvatica). Kartleggingsprogrammet skal fylgjast opp i 2019.
Sammendrag
S. 47 i . https://www.iufro.org/fileadmin/material/publications/proceedings-archive/20209-ctre-proceedings-19.pdf
Sammendrag
I 2011 vart symptom på angrep av Phytophthora på bøk (Fagus sylvatica) i bøkeskogen i Larvik oppdaga for fyrste gong. Skadegjeraren vart identifisert til Phytophthora cambivora. I tillegg vart det funne andre Phytophthora-artar i jord/vatn i og nær bøkeskogen. Dette førte til ei grundig kartlegging av situasjonen og Phytophthora vart tatt omsyn til i ein forvaltningsplan for bøkeskogen frå Fylkesmannen i Vestfold i 2013. I denne planen vart det stadfesta at Phytophthora-situasjonen skulle fylgjast opp med ny kartlegging om 5 år, noko som vart gjennomført i 2018 og presentert i denne rapporten. Vi fann fleire tre som hadde vorte sjuke sidan førre kartlegging, men utviklinga har ikkje gått så raskt som vi frykta. Også andre skadegjerarar det bør tast omsyn til ved skjøtsel av bøkeskogen vert omtala.
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag