Publications
NIBIOs employees contribute to several hundred scientific articles and research reports every year. You can browse or search in our collection which contains references and links to these publications as well as other research and dissemination activities. The collection is continously updated with new and historical material.
2018
Forfattere
Yupeng Zhang Guangxun Fan Tuomas Toivainen Igor A. Yakovlev Timo Hytönen Paal Krokene Paul Eivind Grini Carl Gunnar FossdalSammendrag
Climate change is one of the greatest challenges for the biosphere. As sessile organisms, plants must adapt quickly to keep pace with the rapidly changing climatic conditions. Epigenetic memory is one mechanism which would provide sufficient plasticity under rapid climate change and enable long-lived organisms to survive long enough to adapt by classical genetic selection. In Norway spruce, the timing of bud burst and bud set are regulated by an epigenetic memory established by the temperature sum endured during embryogenesis. The resulting epitypes display a life-long shift in seasonal timing of the bud phenology, a trait previously presumed to be under strict classical selection and highly heritable. However, Norway spruce is a difficult plant to study because it has a very long generation time and an extensive genome size. We therefore seek to find a suitable perennial model plant to study the phenomenon of epigenetic climatic memory. Woodland strawberry (Fragaria vesca) may be an ideal model to research the role of epigenetic memory on plant phenology. Fragaria vesca is a perennial plant with a small well-characterized genome, a short sexual reproduction cycle and can also propagate asexually trough clonal daughter plants formed by stolons. We will explore whether the temperature sum experienced during sexual and asexual reproduction impact on the phenology of Fragaria vesca and use this as a model to decipher the molecular mechanism underlying epigenetic memory in plants.
Forfattere
Gunn Strømeng Magne Nordang Skårn Kari Ørstad Arne Stensvand Katherine Ann Gredvig Nielsen May Bente BrurbergSammendrag
No abstract has been registered
Forfattere
Katherine Ann Gredvig Nielsen Gunn Strømeng Magne Nordang Skårn Kari Ørstad Arne Stensvand May Bente BrurbergSammendrag
No abstract has been registered
Forfattere
Melissa Magerøy Hugh B. Cross Torstein Tengs Carl Gunnar Fossdal Pierre Petriacq Adam Vivian-Smith Tao Zhao Paal KrokeneSammendrag
No abstract has been registered
Sammendrag
No abstract has been registered
Forfattere
Ari Hietala Isabella Børja Hugh B. Cross Nina Elisabeth Nagy Jørn Henrik Sønstebø Volkmar Timmermann Adam Vivian-Smith Halvor SolheimSammendrag
No abstract has been registered
Forfattere
Ari Hietala Isabella Børja Hugh Cross Nina Elisabeth Nagy Halvor Solheim Volkmar Timmermann Adam Vivian-SmithSammendrag
European ash (Fraxinus excelsior), a keystone species with wide distribution and habitat range in Europe, is threatened at a continental scale by an invasive alien ascomycete, Hymenoscyphus fraxineus. In its native range of Asia, this fungus is a leaf endophyte with weak parasitic capacity and robust saprobic competence in local ash species that are closely related to European ash. In European ash, H. fraxineus has a similar functional role as in Asia, but the fungus also aggressively kills shoots, resulting in crown dieback and tree death. H. fraxineus is a typical invasive species, as its spread relies on high propagule pressure. While crown dieback of European ash is the most obvious symptom of ash dieback, the annual colonization of ash leaves is a crucial key dependency for the invasiveness of H. fraxineus, since its fruiting bodies are formed on overwintered leaf vein tissues in soil debris. Leaves of European ash host a wide range of indigenous epiphytes, endophytes, facultative parasites and biotrophic fungi, including Hymenoscyphus albidus, a relative of H. fraxineus that competes for the same sporulation niche as the invader. At face value, leaves of European ash are colonized by a large and diverse indigenous mycobiome. In order to understand why this invader became successful in Europe, we discuss and summarize the current knowledge of diversity, seasonal dynamics and traits of H. fraxineus and indigenous fungi associated with leaves of European ash.
Forfattere
Heidi Udnes Aamot Katherine Ann Gredvig Nielsen Shiori Koga Anne Kjersti Uhlen Ulrike Böcker Erik Lysøe Guro Brodal Ruth Dill-Macky Ingerd Skow HofgaardSammendrag
The proportion of Norwegian wheat used for food has varied significantly during the recent decade, mainly because of the instability of factors that are essential to baking quality (i.e. protein content and gluten functionality). During the same period, serious contamination of Fusarium spp. and mycotoxins was observed in some grain lots [1, 2]. A project was established to generate greater knowledge of the interface between gluten functionality and effects of Fusarium species and other microorganisms on Norwegian wheat quality. Instances of severe degradation of gluten proteins that resulted in an almost complete loss of gluten functionality were observed in some lots of Norwegian wheat. The degradation of the gluten appeared to be caused by exogenous proteases. Metabarcoding of fungi and bacteria in these grain lots identified fungi within the Fusarium Head Blight complex, as well as one bacterial species, as candidate species for influencing gluten functionality. Some of these candidates were inoculated on wheat during flowering [3]. Analysis of baking quality of the flour from this experiment revealed a reduced proportion of un-extractable polymeric proteins (%UPP) and severe reductions in the gluten’s resistance to stretching (RMAX) in wheat flour from plants inoculated with Fusarium graminearum. Flour from wheat inoculated with Fusarium avenaceum was generally less infested, and showed minimal or no reduction in gluten functionality and %UPP compared to flour from the F. graminearum infested samples. Flour from wheat inoculated with Michrodochium majus is yet to be analysed. References 1. Koga, S., et al., Investigating environmental factors that cause extreme gluten quality deficiency in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B—Soil & Plant Science, 2016. 66(3): p. 237-246. 2. Hofgaard, I., et al., Associations between Fusarium species and mycotoxins in oats and spring wheat from farmers’ fields in Norway over a six-year period. World Mycotoxin Journal, 2016. 9(3): p. 365-378. 3. Nielsen, K.A.G., Effect of microorganisms on gluten quality in wheat., in Faculty of Biosciences. 2017, Norwegian University of Life Sciences: Ås.
Sammendrag
No abstract has been registered
Sammendrag
No abstract has been registered