Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2022
Sammendrag
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Forfattere
Stephan Hoffmann Marian Schönauer Joachim Heppelmann Antti Asikainen Emmanuel Cacot Benno Eberhard Hubert Hasenauer Janis Ivanovs Dirk Jaeger Andis Lazdins Sima Mohtashami Tadeusz Moskalik Tomas Nordfjell Krzysztof Stereńczak Bruce Talbot Jori Uusitalo Morgan Vuillermoz Rasmus AstrupSammendrag
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Forfattere
Lu Feng Lise Bonne Guldberg Michael Jørgen Hansen Chun Ma Rikke Vinther Ohrt Henrik Bjarne MøllerSammendrag
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Forfattere
Anna Birgitte MilfordSammendrag
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Forfattere
P.L. Sullivan S.A. Billings D. Hirmas L. Li X. Zhang S. Ziegler K. Murenbeeld H. Ajami A. Guthrie K. Singha D. Giménez A. Duro V. Moreno A. Flores A. Cueva A.N. Koop E.L. Aronson H.R. Barnard S.A. Banwart R.M. Keen Attila Nemes N.P. Nikolaidis J.B. Nippert D. Richter D.A. Robinson K. Sadayappan Souza de Souza M. Unruh H. WenSammendrag
Soils form the skin of the Earth’s surface, regulating water and biogeochemical cycles and generating production of food, timber, and textiles around the world. Changes in soil and its ability to perform a range of processes have important implications for Earth system function, especially in the critical zone (CZ)—the area that extends from the top of the canopy to the bottom of groundwater and that harbors most of Earth’s biosphere. A key aspect of the way soil functions results from its structure, defined as the size, shape, and arrangement of soil particles and pores. The network of pores provides storage space for at least a quarter of Earth’s biodiversity, while the abundance, size and connectivity of the pore space regulates fluxes of heat, water, nutrients and gases that define the physical and chemical environment. Here we review the nature of soil structure, focusing on its co-evolution with the plants and microbes that live within the soil, and the degree to which these processes have been incorporated into flow and transport models. Though it is well known that soil structure can change with wetting and drying events, often oscillating seasonally, the dynamic nature of soil structure that we discuss is a systematic shift that results in changes in its hydro-bio-geochemical function over decades to centuries, timescales over which major changes in carbon and nutrient cycles have been observed in the Anthropocene. We argue that the variable nature of soil structure, and its dynamics, need to be better understood and captured by land surface and ecosystem models, which currently describe soil structure as static. We further argue that modelers and empiricists both are well-poised to quantify and incorporate these dynamics into their studies. From these efforts, four fundamental questions emerge: 1) How do rates of soil aggregate formation and collapse, and their overall arrangements, interact in the Anthropocene to regulate CZ functioning from soil particle to continental scales? 2) How do alterations in rooting-depth distributions in the Anthropocene influence pore structure to control hydrological partitioning, biogeochemical transformations and fluxes, exchanges of energy and carbon with the atmosphere and climate, regolith weathering, and thus regulation of CZ functioning? 3) How does changing microbial functioning in a high CO2, warmer world with shifting precipitation patterns influence soil organic carbon dynamics and void-aggregate profile dynamics? 4) How deeply does human influence in the Anthropocene propagate into the subsurface, how does this depth relate to profile structure, and how does this alter the rate at which the CZ develops? The United Nations has recently recognized that 33% of the Earth's soils are already degraded and over 90% could become degraded by 2050. This recognition highlights the importance of addressing these proposed questions, which will promote a predictive understanding of soil structure.
Forfattere
Paraskevi Alizoti Jean-Charles Bastien Debojyoti Chakraborty Marcin Miroslav Klisz Johan Kroon Charalambos Neophytou Silvio Schueler Marcela van Loo Marjana Westergren Monika Konnert Vlatko Andonovski Kjell Andreassen Peter Brang Robert Brus Branislav Cvjetković Martina Đodan Manuel Fernández Josef Frýdl Bo Karlsson Zsolt Keserű Andrej Kormutak Vasyl Lavnyy Tiit Maaten Bill Mason Georgeta Mihai Cristina Monteverdi Sanja Perić Krasimira Petkova Emil Borissov Popov Matti Rousi Srđan Milenko Stojnić Ivaylo TsvetkovSammendrag
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Forfattere
Anne Catriona Mehlhoop Bram Van Moorter Christer Moe Rolandsen Dagmar Hagen Aksel Granhus Rune Eriksen Thor Harald Ringsby Erling Johan SolbergSammendrag
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Forfattere
Ghislain Tchoromi Tepa-Yotto Robert L. Meagher Jeannette K. Winsou Borghero T. A. Dahoueto Manuele Tamò May Sæthre Rodney N. NagoshiSammendrag
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Sammendrag
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Forfattere
Michel Mench Shahlla Matin Wieslaw Szulc Beata Rutkowska Tomas Persson Arne Sæbø Aritz Burges Nadège OustriereSammendrag
The INTENSE project, supported by the EU Era-Net Facce Surplus, aimed at increasing crop production on marginal land, including those with contaminated soils. A field trial was set up at a former wood preservation site to phytomanage a Cu/PAH-contaminated sandy soil. The novelty was to assess the influence of five organic amendments differing in their composition and production process, i.e. solid fractions before and after biodigestion of pig manure, compost and compost pellets (produced from spent mushroom substrate, biogas digestate and straw), and greenwaste compost, on Cu availability, soil properties, nutrient supply, and plant growth. Organic amendments were incorporated into the soil at 2.3% and 5% soil w/w. Total soil Cu varied from 179 to 1520 mg kg−1, and 1 M NH4NO3-extractable soil Cu ranged from 4.7 to 104 mg kg−1 across the 25 plots. Spring barley (Hordeum vulgare cv. Ella) was cultivated in plots. Changes in physico-chemical soil properties, shoot DW yield, shoot ionome, and shoot Cu uptake depending on extractable soil Cu and the soil treatments are reported. Shoot Cu concentration varied from 45 ± 24 to 140 ± 193 mg kg DW−1 and generally increased with extractable soil Cu. Shoot DW yield, shoot Cu concentration, and shoot Cu uptake of barley plants did not significantly differ across the soil treatments in year 1. Based on soil and plant parameters, the effects of the compost and pig manure treatments were globally discriminated from those of the untreated, greenwaste compost and digested pig manure treatments. Compost and its pellets at the 5% addition rate promoted soil functions related to primary production, water purification, and soil fertility, and the soil quality index.