Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2025
Forfattere
Linn Vassvik Anders Nielsen Michael P.D. Garratt Bjørn Arild Hatteland Joseph Chipperfield Erik Trond AschehougSammendrag
Low pollinator richness and abundance is a primary driver of pollination deficits and may lead to reduced yields (production deficits). In response, domesticated honeybees are often used to increase pollination success, even though honeybees are less efficient pollinators than naturally occurring wild bees. Here, we explored whether Norwegian apple orchards experience pollination and production deficits, and if such deficits could be related to specific pollinator groups and activity. We conducted a supplemental pollination experiment and measured seed set and yield (fruit set x weight) for three cultivars, in six orchards, in two distinct apple growing regions in central Norway, for two years. In addition, we used cameras to record relative pollinator activity throughout the flowering period. Overall, we found a pollination and production deficit across all cultivars, although there were differences in pollination deficit among cultivars. Three orchards had a pollination deficit both years of the study, suggesting sub-optimal orchard structure and/or a lack of pollinators. However, we found that solitary bees significantly reduced both pollination and production deficit, suggesting that orchard management actions should focus on increasing wild bee diversity and abundance.
Forfattere
Ioanna S. Panagea Paul Quataert María Alonso-Ayuso Teresa Gómez de la Bárcena Maarten De Boever Mariangela Diacono Anna Jacobs Johannes L. Jensen Felix Seidel Daria Seitz Heide Spiegel Thijs Vanden Nest Axel Don Greet RuysschaertSammendrag
Sustainable land management can play an important role in climate change mitigation by reducing soil organic carbon (SOC)losses or even by sequestering C in soils. This can be achieved through practices that increase C inputs to the soil and/or improve the quality of these inputs, thereby facilitating the removal of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO 2) and storing it in the soil asSOC. In this study, we investigated the potential of an increased share of legumes in crop rotations to enhance SOC accrual—defined as the increase in SOC stocks at a given land unit compared to the baseline scenario—using data from 30 mid-term(MTEs, 5–20 years) and long-term (LTEs, 20+ years) field experiments across Europe. Our findings indicate that increasing the proportion of forage legumes in rotations (based on 21 experiments and 39 paired comparisons) led to SOC accrual of up to13.25 Mg ha−1 (0.44 Mg ha−1 year−1), while grain legumes (based on nine experiments and 28 paired comparisons) resulted in a decrease in SOC stocks of up to 14.37 Mg ha−1 (−0.48 Mg ha−1 year−1) compared to the reference treatment. For forage legumes,the largest SOC gains were achieved at sites with the smallest reference SOC stocks and greater share of forage legumes in the rotation. Our observations suggested that the duration of crop growth of the forage legumes (annual vs. perennial) did not exert a significant impact on SOC stock increase, while pedoclimatic zone did. Positive effects on SOC stocks were more pronounced in the Atlantic climatic zone in contrast to the Mediterranean climatic zone. For grain legumes, larger SOC losses were observed with a greater share of grain legumes in the rotation. Overall, integrating forage legumes in cropping systems can enhance their sustainability and present a viable option for climate change mitigation. Finally, we present a regression equation to derive emission factors (EFs) for estimating SOC changes due to the increase of the share of forage legumes in a rotation, and another due to the increase of the share of grain legumes in the rotation. The first can be used to support the assessment of management impacts for the purpose of rewarding carbon farming and the estimation of a national-scale SOC accrual potential, while the second can be used for estimating national-scale SOC losses.
Sammendrag
Based on data from 58 stands located in three different regions within Norway, this study presents new models for quantifying growth characteristics of young, planted trees of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst), a species that forms the backbone of the Norwegian forestry sector. The study focused on well-established, sufficiently stocked plantations to capture their inherent growth patterns. The presented models predict total tree height and the number of years required to reach a diameter at breast height of 5 cm for dominant and average-sized individuals, using common tree- and stand-level metrics. The study’s findings indicate enhanced growth of young spruce stands compared to growth dynamics observed in the 1960–1970s, likely due to improved growing conditions. The models presented here are an improvement over existing similar models and can be used in future forest growth and yield simulations. The study also aimed to provide a means to predict diameter distributions of young spruce plantations. While the results suggested significant differences between observed and predicted distributions, this still represents progress as there are currently no tools to estimate diameter distributions of young spruce plantations in Norway. Further research is recommended to corroborate the findings across a larger number of sites and to consider larger sample plots for potentially more accurate diameter distribution predictions.
Forfattere
Ruochen Li Xin Pei Ming Zhang Xuhui Deng Chengyuan Tao Jiabao Wang Xueli Chen Nicholas Clarke Lidia Sas-Paszt Zongzhuang Shen Rong Li Qirong ShenSammendrag
The application of livestock manure is a common waste utilization measure that can increase soil fertility and crop yields, but the antibiotics and resistance genes involved result in a potential threat to human health and animal welfare. Here, lettuce, a widely popular edible vegetable, was selected as a model with which to investigate the effects of long-term application (FM) and temporary cessation (cessation) of fresh chicken manure on the distribution and movement of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in the soil-root-plant system to elucidate the bottleneck in assessing the health risks of manure application. ARGs associated with 13 antibiotics and 384 subtypes in soil were quantitatively analyzed via high-throughput qPCR, and the results revealed that cessation treatment significantly affected the patterns of bacteria, mobile genetic elements (MGEs) and ARGs in the soil, leaves and roots in the soil–lettuce cropping system compared with FM treatment. Cessation of manure application reduced the abundance of ARGs by 34.0 %, 53.7 %, and 23.9 % in the bulk soil, rhizosphere soil, and leaves, respectively. Correlation network and source-tracking analyses of ARGs and bacteria within leaves and roots revealed that cessation treatment reduced the diffusion of ARGs and bacteria within leaves and roots into adjacent sites, and partial least squares path model (PLSPM) analysis indicated that FM treatment indirectly affected the pattern of ARGs in soil by influencing the bacterial community and soil properties, which play key roles in the distribution of ARGs. In summary, we investigated the driving mechanism of the effects of manure on the microbial community and ARG spectrum in a soil–lettuce planting system, and the results can support strategies for managing the spread of ARGs in the soil.
Sammendrag
https://www.buskap.no/article/2025/04/Er%20det%20de%20beste%20r%C3%B8dkl%C3%B8versortene%20som%20benyttes%20i%20dag
Forfattere
Jan Phillipp Geißel Noé Espinosa-Novo Luis Giménez Nicole Aberle-Malzahn Gro Ingleid van der Meeren Ralf Rautenberger Steffen Harzsch Gabriela TorresSammendrag
Aim This study sets out to understand the variability in larval traits of dispersive life stages of a famous invader, the European shore crab Carcinus maenas, in its native distribution range. Location North East Atlantic coast from the Norwegian Arctic to the southern European distribution limit of C. maenas in Southern Spain. Taxon European shore crab Carcinus maenas (Crustacea, Decapoda). Methods We quantified latitudinal patterns in larval body mass, elemental composition (C and N content), and thermal tolerance of the first larval stage. We collected crabs from four populations spanning 25° of latitude (Vigo in Northern Spain; Bergen, Trondheim, and Bodø in Norway) and reanalysed published and unpublished data of body mass and elemental composition of additional populations from Germany, Wales, France, and Southern Spain. Furthermore, we used two laboratory experiments to test the thermal tolerance limits of the first larval stage from Vigo and the Norwegian populations. In the first experiment, we reared larvae from hatching to Zoea II at seven temperatures (9°C–27°C) and from hatching to LT50 at 6°C. In the second experiment, we exposed freshly hatched larvae acutely to increasing or decreasing temperatures (up to 40°C and down to 3°C). Results Across the entire European range, we found a substantial increase in dry mass and carbon and nitrogen content of freshly hatched larvae with latitude. Norwegian populations exhibited higher survival at 9°C than the Vigo population. Furthermore, LT50 at 6°C increased from South to North. All populations showed high survival in the range 12°C–24°C but low survival at 27°C. Main Conclusions Larval tolerance quantified by using survival to Zoea II is not clearly related to the tolerance quantified with the acute experiments, indicating that each method assesses different aspects of thermal tolerance. Tolerance to low temperature correlated positively to tolerance to high temperature, suggesting that variation among females in larval responses reflects a general physiological quality rather than trade-offs. We provide evidence for potentially adaptive variations in larval body mass and thermal tolerance across a latitudinal gradient for C. maenas.
Forfattere
Meriel McClatchie Véronique Matterne Núria Rovira Buendia Mila Andonova Ulrike Lohwasser Wendy Marie Waalen Filippos Bantis Marija Knez Jelena Milešević Amil Orahovac Paolo Prosperi Aparajita Banerjee Ivana Radić Aldona Mueller-Bieniek Meline Beglaryan Donal Murphy-Bokern David Gil Bálint Balázs Sónia NegrãoSammendrag
In the context of a rapidly growing global population and significant climatic and environmental change, there is an urgent need to produce nutritious food in a sustainable manner. Some crops are underutilised in Europe, despite their suitability to local environments, viability for sustainable production and potential to improve diets. Rye (Secale cereale) has a long history of cultivation in Europe, yet is underutilised owing to complex historical, socio-cultural, socio-political, socio-economic and agronomic factors. This paper explores an innovative, cross-sectoral approach that harmonises existing datasets from archaeology, plant science, nutrition and policy, and establishes an interdisciplinary dialogue to tackle this challenge.
Forfattere
Lathika Y. Hitige Rashmi N.J.K. Arachchi Nimal Ratnayake Miyuru Gunathilake Upaka RathnayakeSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
Reliable estimates of the size and composition of harvested populations over time are key to designing adequate population management plans, regardless of management objectives. In Norway, a national system for collecting and analysing hunter-reported data on red deer (Cervus elaphus) has been operational for about 20 years. The system was expected to provide population metrics that would substantially improve deer population management routines at the municipal level. This has proven to be challenging when using existing state-of-the-art estimation methodology. The main reasons are that the variation in the observation data is generally much larger than population abundance variability, and that one does not have a clear understanding of the stochastic process generating the observation data. Here, using hunter-reported observation data and harvest data from six Norwegian municipalities collected in the period 2007–2023, we show that a straightforward estimation methodology based on population modelling can produce robust abundance estimates despite frequent low quality of the observation data. Its major assets are that it does not involve strong assumptions about the stochastic processes underlying the observation process and that it does not involve assumptions about initial population size and structure in terms of prior statistical distributions. We anticipate that the method can be applied in several other population management contexts, and we think that the results offer fresh perspectives on to what extent noisy citizen-collected time series data can be used to inform management decisions.
Forfattere
Mohammad Tirgariseraji A. Pouyan Nejadhashemi Mahmood Sabouhi Sabouni Yaghoob Jafari Tomas Persson Alisher Mirzabaev Alireza Nikouei Kieron Moller Naser Shahnoushi ForoushaniSammendrag
Food production is the primary source of nitrogen pollution, which has significantly impacted the nitrogen cycle and exceeded the nitrogen-safe operation space of the planet. The objective of this study is to assess the effectiveness of the Nitrogen Regulatory Policy (NRP) in reducing nitrogen fertilizer use under population pressure for meat, dairy, wheat, and potatoes in the Zayandeh-Rud River basin, Iran. The methodology of this study involves two main components. First, an elasticity criterion was formulated to assess the trade-off between nitrogen fertilizer use and food production capacity. This criterion integrates optimized cropland, the Block of Distributed Calories (BDC), and nitrogen fertilizer use, with food production capacity quantified in terms of the BDC at its optimal level. Second, the simulated distribution of the elasticity criterion was analyzed using Simulation and Econometrics to Analyze Risk (Simetar), defining elastic and inelastic zones to capture the variability in the trade-off under different conditions. The results of this study identified key factors influencing the elastic and inelastic ranges of the elasticity criterion, including technological change, the weight of diet components in dietary preferences, and the diminishing returns of the NRP. The NRP solution aims to reduce nitrogen fertilizer use by targeting a lower application range. It addresses the challenges of fertilizer management under population pressure, specifically for farming systems in the Zayandeh-Rud River basin operating at the ‘diminishing marginal production’ stage. The trade-off between livestock and non-livestock diet components enhances nitrogen fertilizer efficiency under population pressure as long as livestock components remain within the elastic zone and non-livestock components stay within the inelastic zone. The novelty of this study lies in the introduction of the elasticity criterion for nitrogen fertilizer use under population pressure. This innovative metric highlights the risk of ineffective trade-offs between food production capacity and nitrogen fertilizer adjustments, offering a crucial tool to guide sustainable agricultural practices within the defined criterion ranges.