Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2024
Forfattere
Fay Madeleine Farstad Merethe Dotterud Leiren Marie Byskov Lindberg Erlend Andre T. Hermansen Jørgen Wettestad Gunnhild Søgaard Knut ØistadSammendrag
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Sammendrag
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Sammendrag
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Forfattere
Aline Roma Tomaz Ademir de Oliveira Ferreira Rattan Lal Telmo Jorge Carneiro Amado Belchior Oliveira Trigueiro da Silva William Ramos da Silva Felipe José Cury Fracetto Thiago Inagaki Maria Betânia Galvão Santos Freire Elves Obede dos Santos NunesSammendrag
Land-use change has driven soil carbon stock losses in ecosystems worldwide. Implementing agricultural crops and exploiting forest resources trigger the breakdown of soil aggregates, thus exposing organic matter to microbial decomposition and enhancing carbon dioxide emissions, especially in biomes more susceptible to climate extremes as in the tropical semiarid regions. This study was based on the hypothesis that the undisturbed soil from the dry forest (Caatinga biome under natural revegetation in Brazilian semiarid) would have an improvement in the mass of macroaggregates and recover more than 50% of the soil C stock within 10 years. Thus, a field experiment was conducted to investigate soils from the Caatinga biome under native vegetation, “cowpea cropping” for over 30 years, and soil under natural revegetation for over 10 years, after conventional soil cultivation of maize and cowpea, to determine soil and soil-aggregates carbon stocks and to estimate the recovery rate of these stocks. The proportional mass of aggregates of different sizes and the total stock of particulate organic carbon (POC) were also quantified. The results showed that soil under preserved native vegetation of dry forest Caatinga biome had higher total soil C stock (50.9 Mg ha−1) than that under cowpea cropping (23.2 Mg ha−1) and natural revegetation (45.1 Mg ha−1). The proportional mass of large macroaggregates was higher in soil under native vegetation for all depths. However, soil under cowpea cropping had lower C stocks in macroaggregates, and recovered roughly 63% of the original C stocks, while revegetation recovered 78% of the stock in 10 years. Although the conventional management system for cowpea monoculture aggravated losses in soil carbon stock by more than 50% of the original C stocks, dry forest under natural revegetation recovered 79% of this stock and almost 100% of POC stock in 10 years (~12 Mg ha−1). Furthermore, soil under undisturbed Caatinga dry forest achieved C stock levels equivalent to that of the global average range for semiarid tropical environments. The high recovery rate of C stock in forest soil under natural revegetation indicates the resilience potential of organisms responsible for structural protection of aggregates and the encapsulated soil organic matter content.
Sammendrag
We address the question of nature-culture synergies in protected mountain landscapes with a specific focus on the Norwegian National Park of Hardangervidda. Fragile and complex ecosystems developed from long-lasting socio-ecological grazing processes that started approximately 4000 years ago in Scandinavia are facing manifold environmental challenges and societal issues that endanger both natural and cultural heritages. Our goals are to clarify the nature-culture synergies and relationships and investigate holistic management and preservation of natural and cultural values. Our results highlight an urgent need to develop holistic conservation frameworks and methodologies for protected landscapes that integrate cultural and natural heritages and enhance the potential of local communities to protect threatened semi-natural environments and experienced-based knowledge for the future.
Forfattere
Katharina Hobrak Anne-Grete Roer Hjelkrem Anne Kjersti Bakken Bjørn Borchsenius Henrik Forsberg Mathiesen Christian Wilhelm Mohr Gunnhild Søgaard Jostein FrydenlundSammendrag
I rapporten beskrives hvordan arealbruksendringene ved etablering av bakkemonterte solkraftverk påvirker opptak og utslipp av klimagasser. Det redegjøres også for hvordan ulike grader av skygge påvirker produksjonen av gras i ulike regioner i Norge. I tillegg beskrives driftstekniske utfordringer ved samproduksjon av strøm og jordbruksvekster. Rapporten belyser også hvilke konsekvenser fire planlagte solkraftverk kan få på opptak og utslipp av klimagasser fra arealbrukssektoren.
Forfattere
David Kniha Paul Eric Aspholm Ida Marie Luna Fløystad Ane-Sofie Bednarczyk Pettersen Ingrid Helle Søvik Sari Magga Rolf Randa Lisbet H. Baklid Tuomo Ollila Snorre Hagen Hans Geir EikenSammendrag
Since 2005, the population of the trans-border brown bear (Ursus arctos) in Trilateral Park Pasvik-Inari (Norway-Finland-Russia) has been monitored by using genetic analyses of hair and faeces collected randomly in the field. A more systematic method using hair traps every fourth year was initiated in 2007 to collect brown bear hairs for genetic analysis. The method consisted of 56 hair traps in Norway, Finland and Russia in a 5 x 5 km2 grid cell system (ca 1400 km2). The project was repeated in 2011, 2015, 2019 and now in 2023. This season’s sampling was carried out in Pasvik (Norway) - Inari (Finland) area (43 squares, 1075 km2), using the same methodology as in the previous studies. A total of 97 samples were collected, where 45 samples came from Finland and 52 samples from Norway. In the bear specific analysis, 71 (73 %) of the 97 hair samples were positive. A complete DNA profile could be determined for 63 of the positive samples. In total, 22 different bear individuals were detected (10 females and 12 males). Of these 22 bears, 12 bears were detected in previous years, while 10 were previously unknown bears. In total, 13 bears were detected in Finland and 11 bears in Norway. This year’s sampling has the 2nd highest success rate in number of individuals detected per grid square, with 0,51 individual per grid square compared to 0,81 individuals in 2019 (highest success rate), 0,49 in 2015, 0,35 in 2011 and 0,42 in 2009. Our results showed that even with a smaller study area, the hair trap project every 4th year provides valuable information on the brown bear individuals in addition to a random sampling in the field (The National Monitoring Program for brown bears in Norway).
Forfattere
Theresa Weigl Jorunn Børve Emily Follett Ingunn Øvsthus Carl Gunnar Fossdal Hanne Larsen Siv Fagertun RembergSammendrag
https://ehc.usamv.ro/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/S10-Book-of-Abstracts.pdf The mid-early ripening cultivar, 'Summerred‘, is popular among consumers and widely grown in Norway. However, 'Summerred‘ fruit is prone to rapid softening and development of senescence-related disorders, especially senescent breakdown. Calcium can have a significant role in maintaining firmness and delaying senescence of fruits. In a two-year study, foliar application of calcium chloride (CaCl2) was conducted six times, with varying weather conditions between the growing seasons. Fruit was harvested at optimal commercial maturity and stored at 4 °C for either six or nine weeks, followed by simulated shelf-life conditions at 20 °C. Ethylene levels were monitored during storage to detect ripening discrepancies. At harvest, CaCl2-treated fruit exhibited significantly lower ethylene production compared to untreated fruit, although no differences were observed during the end of the storage period. Senescent breakdown showed significant variability between the two seasons, with an incidence of up to 15 % in the first season and nearly no incidence in the second season. Senescent breakdown increased with storage length but was not affected by foliar CaCl2 application. Real-time PCR analysis of fruit flesh samples revealed increased expression of polygalacturonase and β-galactosidases genes after storage, indicating their involvement in apple softening. Notably, there were no differences in gene expression between CaCl2-treated and untreated fruit after storage. Expression patterns of genes involved in ethylene biosynthesis at harvest were different between the two seasons. Higher expression was observed in the year when more disorder development occurred, indicating advanced maturity at harvest. There were no significant differences in Streif index between the two years.
Forfattere
Gunnhild JaastadSammendrag
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Sammendrag
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